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COM-GI > Organs of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Organs of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Where do each of these pierce the diaphragm:

IVC
Esophagus
Aorta

A

T8
T10
T12

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2
Q

What level is the cardiac orifice of the stomach?

A

T11

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3
Q

Muscle type of the UES

Voluntary or involuntary?

Muscle type of the LES

Voluntary of involuntary?

A

Striated m.
Voluntary

Smooth m.
Involuntary/physiologic

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4
Q

Reflux disease

A

Food back-up due to patent LES, causing irritation

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5
Q

Barrett’s esophagus

A

Constant irritation due to reflux causes squamous epithelium is replaced by patches of gastric glandular epithelium

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6
Q

Hiatal hernia

2 types

A

Herniation of stomach through esophageal hiatus

Sliding H. H.

Paraesophageal H. H.

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7
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Gastroesophageal junction displaced superiorly, thus piece of stomach above the diaphragm

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8
Q

Paraesophageal hiatal hernia

A

Esophagus joins the stomach further down, not at normal cardiac region

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9
Q

Level of pyloric sphincter

Associated w/ what line of reference?

A

L1

Transpyloric

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10
Q

Purpose of rugae

A

Increase S.A. for digestion

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11
Q

4 layers of the stomach

A

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa (visceral peritoneum)

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12
Q

Length of the duodenum

A

10 in or 12 finger breadths

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13
Q

First/superior portion of duodenum is covered by what?

What else is w/in this?

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

Portal triad - portal v., proper hepatic a., common bile duct

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14
Q

What happens in the 2nd/descending part of the duodenum?

A

Bile duct and pancreatic duct enter at the hepatopancreatic ampulla (major duodenal papilla)

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15
Q

Anatomical importance of 3rd/inferior part of duodenum

A

SMA and SMV run over it

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16
Q

Importance of the 4th/ascending part of duodenum

A

Held to right crus of diaphragm by the suspensory ligament of the duodenum

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17
Q

Importances of the suspensory ligament of the duodenum (3)

A

Landmark for duodenojejunal junction

Separates upper and lower GI (for looking for bleeds)

Used to measure the jejunum by surgeons

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18
Q

Length of jejunum

How to distinguish

A

8-10 ft

Long vasa recta, simple arcades, more deeper plicae circulares

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19
Q

Length of ileum

How to distinguish?

A

10-12 ft

Compound arcades, short vasa recta, smaller diameter, thinner wall, less plicae circulares

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20
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A

Congenital abnormality

Persistence of vitelline duct causes connection of ileum to umbilicus

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21
Q

What’s the rule for Meckel’s Diveticulum?

A

Rule of 2’s:

2% of population
2 in long
2 ft from ileocecal valve
First 2 yrs of life
2 types of epithelia: gastric and pancreatic
22
Q

Arteries, veins, nerves, and lymph vessels for the small intestine are contained where?

A

The mesentery

23
Q

Muscle that cause haustrations in the large intestine

A

Taenia coli

24
Q

Function of cecum

A

Catches food falling from iliocecal orifice before it moves up ascending colon

25
Q

Describe the ileocecal valve

A

One-way valve with 2 “folds”, not a true sphincter

26
Q

Appendicular artery is contained where?

How to locate the appendix?

Clinical location?

A

Mesoappendix

Off cecum at junction of 3 taenia coli

McBurney’s Point

27
Q

Sources of blood for sigmoid colon

From what?

A

Sigmoid aa.
Superior rectal a. (a branch)

IMA

28
Q

Pathway of the root of the mesentery (8)

A 
Duodenojejunal junction
3rd part of duodenum
Aorta
IVC
R. ureter
R. gonadal vessels
R. psoas major m.
R. sacroiliac joint
29
Q

What surrounds the first part of the duodenum?

A

Superior - Omental foramen

Inferior - head of pancreas

Anterior - Q lobe of liver and GB

Posterior - portal triad, gastroduodenal a.

30
Q

What surrounds the second part of the duodenum?

A

Posterior - R. ureter, hilum of R kidney

Anterolateral - Ascending colon, R colic flexure, R lobe of liver

Medial - head of pancreas, common bile duct, pancreatic duct

31
Q

What surrounds the 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior - SMA, root of mesentery, jejunum

Posterior - R ureter, IVC, R gonadal vessels, aorta, psoas major m.

32
Q

What surrounds the 4th part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior - Root of mesentery, jejunum

Posterior - L margin of aorta, medial border of psoas m.

33
Q

Pain from appendix inflammation is felt where?

Pain from mesoappendix inflammation is felt where?

A

Epigastric region

McBurney’s Pt

34
Q

What is the critical point of Sudeck?

A

Area where lowest sigmoid a. has a poor anastamosis w/ the superior rectal a.

35
Q

Rectum and anus are separated by what?

Which is where?

A

Anorectal line

Superior ends of the anal columns

36
Q

The rectum is subdivided by what?

Names?

A

Transverse rectal folds

Superior, intermediate, inferior

37
Q

What is the anorectal flexure?

A

Sling formed by the ends of the puborectalis mm. on each side, inferior to the rectal ampulla

38
Q

Function of puborectalis m.

A

Voluntary control of defecation via opening of anal sphincter

39
Q

What is the pectinate line?

A

Line in anal canal joining the inferior ends of the anal columns

40
Q

Significance of the pectinate line?

A

Determines blood supply, lymph, innervation

41
Q

Superior to pectinate line gets blood, innervation, lymph from/to what?

A

Superior rectal a.
Internal venous plexus –> portal system
Lymph –> internal iliac nodes
Visceral nerves, parasymphatics to S2-4

42
Q

Inferior to pectinate line gets blood, innervation, lymph from/to what?

A

Inferior rectal a. (from internal iliac a.)

Blood to inferior rectal veins of caval system

Superficial inguinal nodes

Somatic nerves, so sensitive to pain, temp, touch

43
Q

Internal hemorrhoids

A

Rectum, enlarged/prolapsed internal rectal v., bleeding w/o pain

44
Q

External hemorrhoids

A 
Anal canal
Prolapse while passing stool
Visible and palpable
Thrombosis from pushing hard
VERY painful
45
Q

Location of spleen

A

Between left ribs 9-11 at midaxillary line above L colic flexure

46
Q

Spleen develops from what embryonic layer

A

Mesoderm

47
Q

Held in place by what things?

A

Splenorenal ligament

Gastrosplenic ligament

48
Q

Pancreas forms from what event?

A

Fusion of ventral bud and dorsal bud

49
Q

Abnormal fusion of buds in pancreas development leads to what?

A

Bilious vomiting

Annular ring around superior duodenum –> vomiting bile

50
Q

Structures behind the body of the spleen

A

Aorta and IVC

51
Q

Clinical significance of thrombosis of the neck of the pancreas

A

Can constrict the SMA and SMV

52
Q

Ligamentum teres hepatis is the remnant of what?

A

Umbilical vein

COM-GI (9 decks)

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