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COM-GI > Histology of GI Glands > Flashcards

Histology of GI Glands Flashcards

1
Q

3 types of salivary glands

A

Parotid
Submandibular
Sublingual

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2
Q

Describe the structure of exocrine glands

A

Duct (coiled, branched, simple)

Secretory units (tubular, acinus)

Duct systems divide and lose epithelial layers as they get smaller

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3
Q

2 types of exocrine gland secretions

3 secretory mechanisms

A

Mucous or serous

Merocrine (exocytosis)
Holocrine (whole cell)
Apocrine

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4
Q

General structure of salivary glands

A

Branched, tubuloalveolar

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5
Q

Which salivary gland secretes the most?

A

Submandibular

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6
Q

What type of saliva does the parotid gland secrete?

A

Amylase-rich

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7
Q

What gives the saliva a protective capability?

A

IgA

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8
Q

Describe the type of secretion from each of the salivary glands

A

Parotid = serous

Submand. = mixed

Sublingual = mucous

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9
Q

What does the submandibular gland have that allows it to secrete “mixed” stuff (serous and mucous)?

A

Serous demilune

Crescent of serous-producing cells

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10
Q

3 functions of saliva

A

3 functions of saliva
Lubricate (mucous)

Protect (antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral)

Digest (amylase and lipase)

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11
Q

What enzymes does the parotid gland secrete?

A

Amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme, antimicrobial proteins

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12
Q

Function of submandibular gland

A

Secrete mucus and amylase for lubrication of food

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13
Q

What is unique about the structure of the sublingual gland?

A

It has multiple small ducts to the oral cavity, not just one

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14
Q

What does the sublingual gland secrete?

A

Mucous

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15
Q

The endocrine portion of the pancreas is involved in what?

A

Glucose metabolism

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16
Q

The exocrine portion of the pancreas (more important here) is involved in what?

How does it do that?

A

Adjusting the pH of the food for the duodenum

Secrete bicarb. and water and mucin

17
Q

2 cell types w/in the exocrine pancreas glands (w/ roles)

A

Centroacinar cells (duct cells) - bicarb and water

Pancreatic acinar cells - pancreatic enzymes

18
Q

What secretes CCK?

How does it act on the pancreas?

A

Enteroendocrine cells of duodenum

Binds to pancreatic acinar cells and causes zymogen secretion

19
Q

What are the main zymogens that the pancreatic acinar cells secrete in response to the binding of CCK?

A

Trypsin, chymotrypsin (inactive)

Amylase, lipase, cholesterol esterase (active)

20
Q

How does diet affect the pancreatic secretions?

What controls this?

A

Different enzymes secreted based on the food eaten

ANS, regulated by insulin via amylase gene txn

21
Q

Acute pancreatitis

Most common when?

A

Early activation of pancreatic zymogens w/in the pancreas, causing digestion of pancreas tissue

W/ gallstones or after food/alcohol overload

22
Q

What is the classic structural unit of the liver?

Contents?

Function?

A

Hepatic lobule (hexagonal)

Branches of all 3 portal triad contents

Arterial and venous blood mixed in sinusoids where hepatocytes filter the blood, then it goes out into central vein

23
Q

What are kupffer cells?

A

Macrophages of hepatic sinusoids - break down old RBC (2º to spleen)

24
Q

Spaces of Disse

A

Intermittent spaces in fenestrated epithelium of the sinusoid capillary where basement membrane is absent and blood can flow directly up against the hepatocyte for direct filtering

25
Q

Where does bile come into the picture in a hepatic lobule?

A

Bile canaliculi run between hepatocytes, perpendicular to hepatocyte rows

Bile secretions are sent into the canaliculi –> bile duct

26
Q

Ito cells

A

Sit w/in Space of Disse and store fat and vitamin A

27
Q

2 domains of the hepatocyte

A

Apical - face bile canaliculi

Basolateral - face sinusoid capillary

28
Q

Functions of the smooth ER w/in hepatocytes (4)

A

Synthesize cholesterol and bile salts

Conjugate bilirubin, steroids, drugs

Glycogenolysis

Detox lipid-soluble drugs

29
Q

3 important organelles w/in hepatocytes

A

Smooth ER
Rough ER
Peroxisomes

30
Q

Function of rough ER / golgi in hepatocytes

A

Synthesize and glycosylate secretory proteins

31
Q

Function of peroxisomes in hepatocytes

A

Contains hydrogen peroxidase for breakdown into water and oxygen

32
Q

Functions of bile from liver

A

Excrete cholesterol, phospholipids, bile salts, conjugated bilirubin, electrolytes

Transport IgA to GI mucosa

33
Q

What causes fatty liver?

Can lead to what?

A

Alcoholism - long term alcohol detoxification by hepatocytes

Cirrhosis (fibrosis) and carcinoma

34
Q

Function of Gall Bladder

A

Store, concentrate, and release bile made initially by the liver

35
Q

What happens w/in the cystic duct?

A

Bile is concentrated as ions and water are reabsorbed

36
Q

Where is bile stored w/in the GB?

A

In crypts between the villi of columnar epithelium

COM-GI (9 decks)

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