Organs of GI Tract Part 1 Flashcards
Organs of GI Tract
esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anal canal
Associated organs of GI Tract
spleen
pancreas
liver
gall bladder
Where is the transpyloric plane?
at L1
passes thru pyloric region of stomach & 1st part of duodenum
Where is the subcostal plane?
at L2/L3
passes inferior to costal margin (rib 10)
Where is the transtubercular plane?
at L5
passes thru iliac tubercles
Where is the interspinous plane?
at S2
passes thru ASIS
What does the semi-lunar plane pass through?
lateral border of rectus adominius muscle
What is the cardiac notch?
separates the esophagus from the fundus of the stomach
Where is the esophagus located?
passes thru esophageal hiatus (in diaphragm) @ T10 to enter abdomen & turns left of midline to enter stomach
Where does the esophagus enter the stomach?
@ T11 at cardiac orifice
What is the role of the inferior esophageal sphincter?
a PHYSIOLOGIC sphincter where esophagus meets stomach
closed by diaphragm
What are the 3 esophageal constrictions?
cervical constriction (C6) where UES is located
thoracic constriction (where esophagus passes posterior to aorta & L main bronchi)
diaphragmatic constriction (where esophagus passes thru esophageal hiatus)
What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?
fundus of stomach herniates thru diaphragm into mediastinum
peritoneum & fundus of stomach are anterior to esophagus
What is a sliding hiatal hernia?
cardia & fundus of stomach herniate thru esophageal hiatus into esophagus
occurs when pt lies down or bends over
In what type of hiatal hernia does regurgitation occur?
sliding hiatal hernia
Where is the stomach located?
Where is the L end of the stomach located?
Where is the R end of the stomach located?
in both RUQ & LUQ
L end fixed @ T10-T11
R end fixed @ L1 (pyloric end)
Cardia of the stomach
connected to esophagus above & body of stomach below
Fundus of stomach
is superior to cardiac orifice (jxn w/ esophagus) @ level of rib 5
rests against L side of diaphragm
Body of stomach
portion btwn fundus & pylorus
Pylorus of stomach
btwn body of stomach & duodenum
Role of pyloric sphincter
normally closed & regulates flow of food into duodenum
What attaches at the greater curvature of the stomach?
along inferior border is where greater omentum attaches
What attaches on the lesser curvature of the stomach?
lesser omentum attaches to superior border of stomach
What is anterior to the stomach?
abdominal wall
L costal margin
diaphgram
L lobe of liver
What is superior to the stomach?
left dome of diaphragm
What is posterior to the stomach?
diaphragm spleen L suprarenal gland L upper kidney pancreas transverse colon transverse mesocolon omental bursa
To where does the transverse mesocolon attach?
to the posterior abdominal wall
Truncal vagotomy
will disrupt nerve supply to all stomach plus most of GI tract & liver
transect portion of vagus N to reduce HCl production in stomach
Proximal gastric vagotomy
disrupts branches of vagus N going ONLY to stomach
Selective proximal vagotomy
specifically disrupts branches of vagus N going to area of stomach where PARIETAL CELLS are located
parietal cells @ fundus & cardia (produce HCl)
Where is the duodenum located?
begins @ pylorus & ends at duodenojejunal junction (@ L2)
What does the duodenum connect to?
connected with common bile duct & pancreatic duct
Describe location & course of 1st part of duodenum
intraperitoneal-travels superior & posterior to R from stomach
assoc w/ hepatoduodenal L (containing portal v, hepatic A, & common bile duct)
What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?
union of common bile duct & pancreatic duct that enters 2nd portion of duodenum as major duodenal papilla
What is anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior to 2nd portion of duodenum?
anterior=gall bladder, R lobe of liver & transverse colon
medial=head of pancreas
lateral=R colic flexure, asc colon, R lobe of liver
posterior=R kidney & ureter
What regulates flow thru major duodenal papilla?
hepatopancreatic sphincter
Which portions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
2nd, 3rd & 4th
What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to 3rd portion of duodenum?
anterior=root of the mesentery (w/ superior mesenteric vessels)
posterior=R ureter, R psoas m, IVC, aorta
superior=head of pancreas
inferior=coils of jejunum
What is posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?
L crus of diaphram L psoas major m L sympathetic trunk L renal vessels L gonadal vessels L supra renal v inferior mesenteric v
What is the ligament of Treitz?
attaches 4th part of duodenum to posterior abdominal wall
widens opening of portion of duodenum that enters into jejunum & anchors it to R crus of diaphragm
What is to the right, to left, and superior to 4th portion of duodenum?
right=uncinate process of pancreas
left=L kidney & ureter
superior=body of pancreas
When can the ligament of Treitz be torn?
can be torn from high speed collision
causes internal bleeding
Where is the jejunum located?
What is the blood supply?
LUQ (intraperitoneal)
arterial arcades w/ long vasa recta
Where is the ileum located?
What is the blood supply?
RLQ (intraperitoneal)
arterial arcades w/ short vasa recta
What does the mesentery overlay?
crosses 3rd & 4th part of duodenum, abdominal aorta, IVC, R ureter, R psoas major m & R gonadal vessels
What supports the ileum & jejunum?
the mesentery (attaches to post body wall)
more fat in mesentery to jejunum compared to ileum
