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GIGU Exam 1 > Organs of GI Tract Part 1 > Flashcards

Organs of GI Tract Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organs of GI Tract

A 
esophagus
stomach
small intestine
large intestine
rectum
anal canal
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2
Q

Associated organs of GI Tract

A

spleen
pancreas
liver
gall bladder

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3
Q

Where is the transpyloric plane?

A

at L1

passes thru pyloric region of stomach & 1st part of duodenum

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4
Q

Where is the subcostal plane?

A

at L2/L3

passes inferior to costal margin (rib 10)

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5
Q

Where is the transtubercular plane?

A

at L5

passes thru iliac tubercles

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6
Q

Where is the interspinous plane?

A

at S2

passes thru ASIS

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7
Q

What does the semi-lunar plane pass through?

A

lateral border of rectus adominius muscle

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8
Q

What is the cardiac notch?

A

separates the esophagus from the fundus of the stomach

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9
Q

Where is the esophagus located?

A

passes thru esophageal hiatus (in diaphragm) @ T10 to enter abdomen & turns left of midline to enter stomach

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10
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the stomach?

A

@ T11 at cardiac orifice

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11
Q

What is the role of the inferior esophageal sphincter?

A

a PHYSIOLOGIC sphincter where esophagus meets stomach

closed by diaphragm

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12
Q

What are the 3 esophageal constrictions?

A

cervical constriction (C6) where UES is located

thoracic constriction (where esophagus passes posterior to aorta & L main bronchi)

diaphragmatic constriction (where esophagus passes thru esophageal hiatus)

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13
Q

What is a para-esophageal hiatal hernia?

A

fundus of stomach herniates thru diaphragm into mediastinum

peritoneum & fundus of stomach are anterior to esophagus

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14
Q

What is a sliding hiatal hernia?

A

cardia & fundus of stomach herniate thru esophageal hiatus into esophagus

occurs when pt lies down or bends over

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15
Q

In what type of hiatal hernia does regurgitation occur?

A

sliding hiatal hernia

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16
Q

Where is the stomach located?

Where is the L end of the stomach located?

Where is the R end of the stomach located?

A

in both RUQ & LUQ

L end fixed @ T10-T11

R end fixed @ L1 (pyloric end)

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17
Q

Cardia of the stomach

A

connected to esophagus above & body of stomach below

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18
Q

Fundus of stomach

A

is superior to cardiac orifice (jxn w/ esophagus) @ level of rib 5

rests against L side of diaphragm

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19
Q

Body of stomach

A

portion btwn fundus & pylorus

20
Q

Pylorus of stomach

A

btwn body of stomach & duodenum

21
Q

Role of pyloric sphincter

A

normally closed & regulates flow of food into duodenum

22
Q

What attaches at the greater curvature of the stomach?

A

along inferior border is where greater omentum attaches

23
Q

What attaches on the lesser curvature of the stomach?

A

lesser omentum attaches to superior border of stomach

24
Q

What is anterior to the stomach?

A

abdominal wall
L costal margin
diaphgram
L lobe of liver

25
Q

What is superior to the stomach?

A

left dome of diaphragm

26
Q

What is posterior to the stomach?

A 
diaphragm
spleen
L suprarenal gland
L upper kidney
pancreas
transverse colon
transverse mesocolon
omental bursa
27
Q

To where does the transverse mesocolon attach?

A

to the posterior abdominal wall

28
Q

Truncal vagotomy

A

will disrupt nerve supply to all stomach plus most of GI tract & liver

transect portion of vagus N to reduce HCl production in stomach

29
Q

Proximal gastric vagotomy

A

disrupts branches of vagus N going ONLY to stomach

30
Q

Selective proximal vagotomy

A

specifically disrupts branches of vagus N going to area of stomach where PARIETAL CELLS are located

parietal cells @ fundus & cardia (produce HCl)

31
Q

Where is the duodenum located?

A

begins @ pylorus & ends at duodenojejunal junction (@ L2)

32
Q

What does the duodenum connect to?

A

connected with common bile duct & pancreatic duct

33
Q

Describe location & course of 1st part of duodenum

A

intraperitoneal-travels superior & posterior to R from stomach

assoc w/ hepatoduodenal L (containing portal v, hepatic A, & common bile duct)

34
Q

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla?

A

union of common bile duct & pancreatic duct that enters 2nd portion of duodenum as major duodenal papilla

35
Q

What is anterior, medial, lateral, and posterior to 2nd portion of duodenum?

A

anterior=gall bladder, R lobe of liver & transverse colon

medial=head of pancreas

lateral=R colic flexure, asc colon, R lobe of liver

posterior=R kidney & ureter

36
Q

What regulates flow thru major duodenal papilla?

A

hepatopancreatic sphincter

37
Q

Which portions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

2nd, 3rd & 4th

38
Q

What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to 3rd portion of duodenum?

A

anterior=root of the mesentery (w/ superior mesenteric vessels)

posterior=R ureter, R psoas m, IVC, aorta

superior=head of pancreas

inferior=coils of jejunum

39
Q

What is posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?

A 
L crus of diaphram
L psoas major m
L sympathetic trunk
L renal vessels
L gonadal vessels
L supra renal v
inferior mesenteric v
40
Q

What is the ligament of Treitz?

A

attaches 4th part of duodenum to posterior abdominal wall

widens opening of portion of duodenum that enters into jejunum & anchors it to R crus of diaphragm

41
Q

What is to the right, to left, and superior to 4th portion of duodenum?

A

right=uncinate process of pancreas
left=L kidney & ureter
superior=body of pancreas

42
Q

When can the ligament of Treitz be torn?

A

can be torn from high speed collision

causes internal bleeding

43
Q

Where is the jejunum located?

What is the blood supply?

A

LUQ (intraperitoneal)

arterial arcades w/ long vasa recta

44
Q

Where is the ileum located?

What is the blood supply?

A

RLQ (intraperitoneal)

arterial arcades w/ short vasa recta

45
Q

What does the mesentery overlay?

A

crosses 3rd & 4th part of duodenum, abdominal aorta, IVC, R ureter, R psoas major m & R gonadal vessels

46
Q

What supports the ileum & jejunum?

A

the mesentery (attaches to post body wall)

more fat in mesentery to jejunum compared to ileum

GIGU Exam 1 (5 decks)

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