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Human Biology - Human Body Systems - Level 4 > Organs and Tissues - Epithelial Tissue > Flashcards

Organs and Tissues - Epithelial Tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

How is function of an organ determined?

A

The function of a particular organ can be determined by its tissues.

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2
Q

Definition of tissue

A

A tissue is a group of similar cells that function together to perform a specialised activity.

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3
Q

Types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Muscle
Connective
Nerve

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4
Q

Function of Tissue

Epithelial

A

Covering

All 3 germ layers

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5
Q

Function of Tissue

Muscle

A

Movement

Mesoderm

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6
Q

Function of Tissue

Connective

A

Support

Mesoderm

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7
Q

Function of Tissue

Nerve

A

Control

Ectoderm

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8
Q

Types of Epithelial Tissue

A

Covering

Glandular

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9
Q

Functions of Epithelial Tissues

A

Protective barrier

Exchange surface (absorb / excretion / filter)

Secretion

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10
Q

How do cells form on Epithelial Tissue

A

Cells form a continuous layer covering an internal or external surface

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11
Q

How is the surface made up of Epithelial Tissue?

A

One surface is free and specialised (apical) and one is attached (basal) to connective tissue known as basement membrane.

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12
Q

How are the cells held together in Epithelial Tissue?

A

Avascular (no blood vessels).

Cell junctions hold cells together.

Multilayered surfaces can stretch.

Capable of regeneration.

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13
Q

Stomach Lining

Epithelial Tissue

A

Contains both types of epithelial cells.

Glandular (secretory) cells + covering cells.

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14
Q

Special Features of Epithelium

Cilia

A

Hair like appendages attached to the apical surface of cells that act as sensory structures to produce movement.

(e.g. respiratory, epithelium of lungs)

Singular: ilium
Latin: eyelash

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15
Q

Special Features of Epithelium

Goblet Cells

A

Specialised cells that produce mucus to lubricate and protect the surface of an organ.

e.g. respiratory

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16
Q

Special Features of Epithelium

Villi

A

Singular: villus
Latin: shaggy hair

Finger like projections that arise from the epithelial layer in some organs.

They help to increase surface area allowing for faster and more efficient absorption.

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17
Q

Special Features of Epithelium

Microvilli

A

Smaller projections that arise from the cells surface that also increase surface area.

Sometimes referred to as the brush border of an organ (e.g. small intestine)

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18
Q

Classification of Epithelium

Layers

A

Simple
Stratified
Pseudostratified

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19
Q

Classification of Epithelium

Shape

A

Squamous
Columnar
Cuboidal

Also includes transitional (urinary tract)

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20
Q

Glandular Cells

Exocrine

A

Have duct that secrete sweat, salivary and mucus.

21
Q

Glandular Cells

Endocrine

A

Secrete hormones directly into fluid surrounding gland.

22
Q

Simple Squamous

Description

A

Single layer of flattened cells

Disc-shaped central nuclei

Sparse cytoplasm

23
Q

Simple Squamous

Function

A

Passage of materials

Diffusion and Filtration (where protection is not a priority)

Secretes lubricating substances in serosae.

24
Q

Simple Squamous

Location

A 
Kidney glomeruli 
Air sacs in lungs
Lining of heart
Blood vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Lining of ventral body cavity
25
Q

Simple Cuboidal

Description

A

Single layer of cube-like cells.

Large, spherical, central nuclei.

26
Q

Simple Cuboidal

Function

A

Secretion and absorption

27
Q

Simple Cuboidal

Location

A

Kidney tubules

Ducts and secretory portions of small glands.

Ovary surface

28
Q

Simple Columnar

Description

A

Single layer of tall cells.

Round to oval nuclei

Some cells bear cilia

Layer may contain mucus-secreting unicellular glands.

29
Q

Simple Columnar

Function

A

Absorption
Secretion of mucus
Enzymes
etc.

Ciliated type propels mucus by ciliating action.

30
Q

Simple Columnar

Location

Nonciliated

A

Most of digestive tract
Stomach -> anus
Gallbladder
Excretory ducts

31
Q

Simple Columnar

Location

Ciliated

A

Small bronchi
Uterine tubes
Some uterus regions

32
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Description

A

Single layer of cells - differing height some do not reach free space.

Nuclei seen at different levels.

May contain mucus secreting goblet cells.

May contain bear cilia.

33
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Function

A

Secretion (particularly mucus).

Propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.

34
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Location

Nonciliated

A

Type is male sperm-carrying ducts.

Ducts of large glands.

35
Q

Pseudostratified Ciliated Columnar

Location

Ciliated

A

Variety lines the trachea.

Upper respiratory tract.

36
Q

Stratified Squamous

Description

A 
Thick membrane
Several cell layers
Basal cells are cuboidal or columnar.
Metabolically active
Surface cells flattened.
37
Q

Stratified Squamous

Keratinised type:

A

Surface cells full of keratin and dead.

Basal cells active in mitosis.

Produce cells of more superficial layers.

38
Q

Stratified Squamous

Function

A

Protects underlying tissues in areas subjected to abrasion.

39
Q

Stratified Squamous

Location

Non-keratinised

A

Moist linings of esophagus, mouth, vagina, uretha and anus.

40
Q

Stratified Squamous

Keratinised

A

Epidermis of skin.

Dry membrane.

41
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

Description

A

Two layers of cube-like cells

42
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

Function

A

Protection

43
Q

Stratified Cuboidal

Location

A

Largest ducts of sweat glands, mammary glands, and salivary glands.

44
Q

Stratified Columnar

Description

A

Several cell layers
Basal cells usually cuboidal
Superficial cells elongated and columnar

45
Q

Stratified Columnar

Function

A

Protection

Secretion

46
Q

Stratified Columnar

Location

A

Rare in the body

Small amounts in male uretha

Large ducts of some glands

47
Q

Transitional

Description

A

Resembles squamous and stratified cuboidal.

Basal cells cuboidal or columnar.

Surface cells dome / squamous shape

Depends on degree of organ stretch.

48
Q

Transitional

Function

A

Stretches readily

Permits distension of urinary organ

49
Q

Transitional

Location

A

Lines ureters
Bladder
Part of uretha

Human Biology - Human Body Systems - Level 4 (6 decks)

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