Organs and Tissues - Connective & Nerve

Question 1

Which tissue is most abundant in the body?

Answer 1

Connective

Question 2

Connective Tissue

Primary functions:

Answer 2

Protecting
Supporting
Binding together

Question 3

Types of Connective Tissue

Answer 3

Bone, Blood, Cartilage Connective Tissue (dense and loose)

Question 4

Characteristics of Connective Tissue

Answer 4

• Highly Vascular (except cartilage)
• Cells widely scattered
• Considerable extracellular material (matrix)
• Contain immature cells (-blasts) which secrete matrix.

Question 5

Extracellular Matrix

What is it?

Answer 5

Ground substance and fibres.

Fibre strengthen and support tissue.

Question 6

Extracellular Matrix

Three types of fibres

Answer 6

Collagen
Elastic
Reticular

Question 7

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Collagen Fibres

Answer 7

Flexible, but non-elastic

Question 8

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Elastic Fibres

Answer 8

Easily stretched but return to original length when stretching stops.

Question 9

Extracellular Matrix
Characteristics

Reticular Fibres

Answer 9

Thin, branching networks.

Question 10

Bone summarised

Answer 10

Hard, rigid matrix.

Many collagen fibres.

Impregnated with inorganic salts e.g. CaCO3

Cells widely spaced, sit in lucunae.

Question 11

Blood summarised

Answer 11

Liquid connective tissue

Intracellular substance - plasma

Question 12

Cartilage

Three types:

Answer 12

Hyaline cartilage (e.g. nose, trachea)

Elastic cartilage (e.g. external part of ear)

Fibrocartilage (e.g. intervertebral discs)

Question 13

What does all cartilage contain?

Answer 13

All contain chondrocytes (formed from chondroblasts) suspended in matrix.

Question 14

Types of loose connective tissue

Answer 14

Areolar
Adipose
Reticular

Question 15

What is loose connective tissue?

Answer 15

Open irregular arrangement of fibres.

Large amount of ground substance.

Question 16

Loose connective tissue

General

Areolar

Answer 16

Forms subcutaneous layer attracting skin to tissues and organs.

Question 17

Loose connective tissue

General

Adipose

Answer 17

Fat, insulator and energy store.

Question 18

Loose connective tissue

General

Reticular

Answer 18

Forms framework of liver, spleen and lymph nodes.

Question 19

Dense Connective Tissue

Defined

Answer 19

Compact arrangement of fibres.

Limited amount of ground substance.

Relatively fewer cells.

Question 20

Dense Connective Tissue

Types

Answer 20

Dense regular
Dense irregular
Elastic

Question 21

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Regular

General

Answer 21

Parallel fibres
Very strong

e.g. tendons

Question 22

Dense Connective Tissue

Dense Irregular

General

Answer 22

Irregular fibres
Strong

e.g. dermis

Question 23

Dense Connective Tissue

Elastic

General

Answer 23

Allows stretching

e.g. lungs

Question 24

Functions of Muscle Tissue

Answer 24

Produce movement
Control / direct flow
Produce heat

Question 25

Dense Connective Tissue Three types

Answer 25

Skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Question 26

Myofibril General

Answer 26

- Basic rod like unit of muscle | - Contain many chains of myofibrils

Question 27

What are myofibrils composed of?

Answer 27

Long proteins e.g. actin and myosin

Question 28

Myofibril What is muscle composed? of?

Answer 28

Tubular cells | Myocytes

Question 29

Myofibril How do muscles contract?

Answer 29

Sliding the thin (actin) and thick (myosin) filaments along each other.

Question 30

Skeletal Muscle General

Answer 30

Attached to bones Striated Under voluntary control

Question 31

Cardiac Muscle General

Answer 31

``` Only found in the heart Striated Involuntary Fibres have one nucleus Cells attach end to end by intercalated discs. ```

Question 32

Smooth Muscle General

Answer 32

Involuntary movement of internal organs. Walls of blood vessels, stomach, intestines. Not striated.

Question 33

Nervous System What is it made up of?

Answer 33

Made up of two cell types. Neurons and neuroglia (glial) 50x more glial cells than neurons.

Question 34

Nervous System Functions

Answer 34

Sense stimuli | Conduct impulses

Question 35

Nervous System Three basic types:

Answer 35

Motor neuron Sensory neurons Interneurons