Organs

Question 1

What processes happens in the kidney

Answer 1

Ultrafiltration and selective reabsorption

Question 2

What is the part of the kidney called

Answer 2

A nephron

Question 3

what is the first part of the nephron called (circle shape)

Answer 3

Bowman’s capsule

Question 4

what is the artery running next to the bowman’s capsule called

Answer 4

the afferent arteriole

Question 5

what is the bowman’s capsule and all associated blood vessels called

Answer 5

glomerulus

Question 6

what is the artery that goes to the kidney called

Answer 6

renal artery

Question 7

what is the vein that goes from the kidney to the heart called

Answer 7

renal vein

Question 8

what is the blood vessel that comes away from the bowmans capsule called (goes around the rest of the nephron)

Answer 8

efferent arteriole

Question 9

what does the bowmans capsule lead to

Answer 9

proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)

Question 10

what does the Proximal convoluted tubule lead to

Answer 10

the loop of henle

Question 11

what comes after the loop of henle

Answer 11

distal convoluted tubule (DCT)

Question 12

what does the distal convoluted tubule lead to

Answer 12

collecting duct

Question 13

where does ultrafiltration happen in the nephron

Answer 13

the glomerulus

Question 14

how is the high pressure needed for ultrafiltration created in the glomerulus

Answer 14

the efferent arteriole has a smaller diameter than the afferent arteriole

Question 15

what does the high pressure build up in the glomerulus do

Answer 15

force the small molecules in the blood out of the capillary and into the bowman’s capsule

Question 16

what do the small molecules go through to enter the bowmans capsule

Answer 16

the capillary wall
the basement membrane
the epithelium of the bowmans capsule

Question 17

what cant pass into the glomerulus

Answer 17

large molecules like proteins

Question 18

what are the molecules that can be absorbed into the bowmans capsule called

Answer 18

glomerate filtrate

Question 19

where does selective reabsorption occur in the nephron

Answer 19

the proximal convoluted tubule
the loop of henle
the distal convoluted tubule

Question 20

what substances get reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 20

useful solutes like glucose

Question 21

how are the useful solutes (like glucose) reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule

Answer 21

active transport and facilitated diffusion

Question 22

what hormone controls blood water potential

Answer 22

ADH

Question 23

what does ADH stand for

Answer 23

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 24

what happens to blood ADH levels when dehydrated

Answer 24

it rises

Question 25

what happens to blood ADH levels when hydrated

Answer 25

it falls

Question 26

which limb in the loop of henle removes water by osmosis

Answer 26

descending

Question 27

what ion is involved in the loop of henle

Answer 27

Na+

Question 28

which limb in the loop of henle is impermeable to water

Answer 28

ascending limb

Question 29

which limb removes Na+ ions by active transport

Answer 29

ascending

Question 30

which limb in the loop of henle can the Na+ not move out of

Answer 30

descending limb (it is impermeable to ions)

Question 31

What type of feedback does homeostasis used

Answer 31

Negative feedback

Question 32

What happens if blood glucose is too high (water potential)

Answer 32

Reduced water potential, causes water to move out,
(Cell shrivels up and dies)

Question 33

What happens to the cell if blood glucose is too low

Answer 33

It is unable to respire as there is not enough glucose

Question 34

What does positive feedback do to the change (homeostasis)

Answer 34

Amplify the change

Question 35

When does positive feedback happen (homeostasis)

Answer 35

Rapid activation of something (like platelets for blood clots)
When a homeostatic system breaks down (too cold, too hot)

Question 36

What hormone lowers blood glucose concentration

Answer 36

Insulin

Question 37

What hormone raises blood glucose concentration

Answer 37

Glucagon

Question 38

What cells secrete insulin into the blood

Answer 38

Beta cells

Question 39

What cells secrete glucagon into the blood

Answer 39

Alpha cells