Immune Flashcards
What do lysosomes produce
Lysozymes
what do phagocytes activate
T-cells (T-lymphocytes)
What are the two types of immune response (cells)
cellular
humoral
What do phagocytes do to pathogens
engulf them
where are phagocytes found
in blood and tissues
where are lysosomes found
in phagocytes
what is the area called where the phagocyte puts the pathogen
the phagocytic vacuole or phagosome
what do the lysozymes do
Break down the pathogen (they are enzymes)
what does the phagocyte do with the pathogen after the lysozymes have broken it down
they present the pathogens antigens on their surface (to activate other immune cells)
what do T-cells have on their surface
receptor proteins
what do receptor proteins do
bind the complementary antigens presented by the phagocyte
what is the part of the antibody that combines with the antigen called
the variable region
what holds the 2 sides of the antibody together
the disulfide bridge (double bond)
what is the part of the antibody what bends to make the Y shape
the hinge protein
what is the bottom of the antibody Y shape called
the constant region
what is the bonded antibody and antigen called
the antigen-antibody complex
why can antibodies and antigens bond
they are complementary
what do helper T-cells do
release chemical signals to stimulate phagocytes,
activate cytotoxic T-cells,
activate B-cells.
how do phagocytes activate T-cells
the receptor proteins on the T-cells bind to the antigens the phagocyte is presenting
what do B-cells have on their surface
antibodies
how are B-cells evolved for immunity
each B-cell has different antibodies
what is clonal selection
when a B-cell’s antibodies are joined to antigens, and the B-cells are activated
what do B-cells divide into
plasma cells
what are plasma cells
they are clones of the B-cells (they B-cells divide to make them)
