Cells

Question 1

What are the 2 types of Respiration

Answer 1

Aerobic
Anaerobic

Question 2

What are the steps of aerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Glycolysis
Link reaction
Krebs cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 3

What does glycolysis start with

Answer 3

Glucose

Question 4

What does glucose turn into

Answer 4

2x triose phosphate

Question 5

What reactions are needed to turn glucose into triose phosphate

Answer 5

2x ATP=ADP+Pi

Question 6

What does the triose phosphate into glycolysis turn into

Answer 6

Pyruvate

Question 7

What reactions are needed to turn triose phosphate into pyruvate (glycolysis)

Answer 7

4x ADP+Pi=ATP
2x NAD=NADH

Question 8

What are the stages of anaerobic Respiration

Answer 8

Glycolysis
Alcoholic/lactate fermentation

Question 9

How many pyruvates are created at the end of glycolysis

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What is the net ATP gain after glycolysis

Answer 10

2
(2 used, 4 created)

Question 11

How many carbons are in pyruvate

Answer 11

3

Question 12

What is the end product of alcoholic fermentation

Answer 12

Ethanol

Question 13

What is the end product of lactate fermentation

Answer 13

Lactate (lactic acid)

Question 14

What reactions happen in alcoholic fermentation

Answer 14

Lose a CO2 to form ethanal
NADH=NAD to form ethanol

Question 15

What reaction happens in lactate fermentation

Answer 15

NADH=NAD

Question 16

How many times does the link reaction happen per glucose molecule

Answer 16

2

Question 17

How many times does the krebs cycle happen per glucose molecule

Answer 17

2

Question 18

What enters the link reaction

Answer 18

Pyruvate

Question 19

What does pyruvate turn into in the link reaction

Answer 19

Acetate

Question 20

How many carbons does acetate have

Answer 20

2

Question 21

What reactions turn pyruvate into acetate

Answer 21

Remove a CO2
NAD = NADH

Question 22

What does acetate turn into in the link reaction

Answer 22

Acetyl CoA

Question 23

What turns acetate into acetyl CoA

Answer 23

Coenzyme A

Question 24

How many carbons does acetyl CoA have

Answer 24

2

Question 25

How much ATP is created in the link reaction

Answer 25

None

Question 26

What enters the krebs cycle

Answer 26

Acetyl CoA

Question 27

What does acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate make

Answer 27

Citrate

Question 28

What has to happen to acetyl CoA before it can become citrate

Answer 28

Lose CoA Bind with oxaloacetate

Question 29

How many carbons does citrate have

Answer 29

6

Question 30

Where does the CoA go after acetyl CoA loses it when it joins the krebs cycle

Answer 30

The Coenzyme A goes back to the link reaction

Question 31

What forms after citrate in the krebs cycle

Answer 31

A 5 carbon compound

Question 32

How does citrate turn into the 5 carbon compound

Answer 32

Releases a CO2 NAD = NADH

Question 33

What does the 5 carbon compound turn into in the krebs cycle

Answer 33

Oxaloacetate

Question 34

What reactions happen to turn the 5 carbon compound into oxaloacetate

Answer 34

Releases a CO2 2x NAD = NADH FAD = FADH ADP + Pi = ATP

Question 35

How many ATP does aerobic Respiration create

Answer 35

32

Question 36

Where does the FADH and the 3x NADH go after the krebs cycle

Answer 36

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 37

Does oxidative phosphorylation break or make water

Answer 37

Make water

Question 38

where are the protons pumped in oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 38

from the matrix of the mitochondria to the intermembrane space

Question 39

where does oxidative phosphorylation gets it's protons

Answer 39

NADH FADH

Question 40

what uses the H+ in Oxidative phosphorylation to do (it uses the energy)

Answer 40

ATP synthase

Question 41

how do the H+ protons go against the concentration gradient in Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 41

they are pumped through by a carrier

Question 42

Where in the mitochondria has a high concentration of H+ in Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 42

the intermembrane space

Question 43

Where in the mitochondria has a low concentration of H+ in Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 43

the matrix

Question 44

where does the link reaction, Krebs cycle, and Oxidative phosphorylation occur in the cell

Answer 44

the matrix of mitochondria

Question 45

where does glycolysis happen

Answer 45

in the cytoplasm

Question 46

how does pyruvate travel from glycolysis to the link reaction

Answer 46

active transport from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria matrix

Question 47

what does mitochondrial disease effect

Answer 47

the ATP production

Question 48

how is water made in Oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 48

the H+ that have been through ATP synthase bond with ½O2 with 2e- out of the carriers 2H+ + ½O2 + 2e- = H2O

Question 49

Where does the electron transport chain in Oxidative phosphorylation get it's electrons

Answer 49

from the H off of NADH and FADH (splits into H+ and e-)

Question 50

what is chemiosmosis

Answer 50

the production of ATP from the movement of H+ across a membrane (by an electron transport chain)

Question 51

What is the cytoplasm called in the muscle fibres

Answer 51

Sarcoplasm

Question 52

What is the endoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibre called

Answer 52

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 53

What is the cell membrane in muscles fibres called

Answer 53

Sarcolemma

Question 54

Where are the myofibrils found

Answer 54

In the sacroplasm of the muscle fibre

Question 55

What is actin in the myofibrils

Answer 55

The thinner filament attached to the z line

Question 56

What is myosin in the myofibrils

Answer 56

The thicker filament attached to the m line

Question 57

What is tropomyosin in the myofibrils

Answer 57

The strands wound around the actin filament controls when the myosin is able to bind for muscle contraction

Question 58

What does the sacrolemma form

Answer 58

The T tubules in the muscle fibre

Question 59

What is the H zone in myofibrils

Answer 59

The area around the M line which only contains myosin

Question 60

What is a sacromere

Answer 60

A short unit of a myofibril

Question 61

Where is the Z line found in a sacromere

Answer 61

At the ends

Question 62

Where is the M line found in each sacromere

Answer 62

At the centre

Question 63

What is an A band in the myofibril

Answer 63

The dark bands of myosin (With some overlap with actin)

Question 64

What is an i band in a myofibrils

Answer 64

The light bands of actin

Question 65

What does the sarcoplasm in the muscle fibre contain

Answer 65

Mitochondria - aerobic respiration Myofibrils

Question 66

What are myofibrils used for

Answer 66

Muscle contraction

Question 67

What are myofibrils used for

Answer 67

Muscle contraction

Question 68

What does the sacrolemma do in the muscle fibres

Answer 68

Fold inwards to the sarcoplasm - T tubules Help to spread out electrical impulses

Question 69

Where is the sacrolemma found in the muscle fibre

Answer 69

Close to the sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 70

What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the muscle fibre

Answer 70

A network of internal membranes that runs through the sarcoplasm

Question 71

What does the sarcoplasmic reticulum do in the muscle fibre

Answer 71

Stores and releases calcium ions - used for muscle contractions

Question 72

What are the 3 types of muscle

Answer 72

Cardiac Smooth Skeletal

Question 73

Which type of muscle is voluntary

Answer 73

Skeletal

Question 74

Which type of muscle is voluntary

Answer 74

Skeletal