Organology Final New Stuff

Question 1

When are spermatids considered to be spermatozoa?

Answer 1

When they’re no longer contacting the sertoli cell

Question 2

What is spermiogenesis?

Answer 2

Process of cell differentiation. Spermatids–>sperm

Question 3

Cholesterol esterase and cholesterol desmolase are both involved with what process? What do they each do?

Answer 3

Testosterone formation

1) esterase–makes free cholesterol available in cell
2) desmolase–converts free cholesterol to pregnenonlone

Question 4

Which cells help establish the blood testis barrier?

Answer 4

Sertoli cells

Question 5

What two thing do the epididymal cells absorb?

Answer 5

ABP and inhibin

Question 6

What is glycerophosphocholine? Where does it come from?

Answer 6

it inhibits activation/capacitation of sperm; from epididymal cells

Question 7

Which accessory sex gland can serve as short term sperm storage?

Answer 7

Ampulla of ductus deferns

Question 8

Which access sex gland forms majority of seminal fluid in the ejaculate?

Answer 8

Seminal vesicles

Question 9

Semenogelin I…Where does it come from? What does it do?

Answer 9

From seminal vesicles
increases ejaculated viscosity
–coat vaginal wall
–protection from acidic pH

Question 10

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) comes from? What does it do?

Answer 10

From prostate; digests semenogelni I (levels elevate with prostate cancer)

Question 11

What are the 4 ejaculatory fractions?

Answer 11

1) pre-ejaculatory
2) preliminary fraction
3) main fraction
4) terminal fraction

Question 12

Which glands contribute to the pre-ejaculatory fraction? what is its purpose?

Answer 12

Bulbourethral, ampulla, epididymis

Clears out and neutralizes the urethra

Question 13

Which glands contribute to preliminary fraction?

Answer 13

mainly prostate, ampulla, epididymis

Question 14

Which glands contribute to main fraction?

Answer 14

seminal vesicles, epididymis, and partially prostate

Question 15

Which glands contribute to terminal fraction? What does it contain?

Answer 15

Seminal vesicles; contains semenogelin I

Question 16

Which ejaculatory fractions contain the most sperm?

Answer 16

preliminary and main

Question 17

Which blood vessels enter at the ovarian hilus?

Answer 17

Ovarian artery

Ovarian branches of uterine artery

Question 18

The wolffian duct comes from? Mullerian ducts?

Answer 18

Wolf–mesonephric

Mull-paramesonephric

Question 19

Which follicles are first sensitive to FSH?

Answer 19

Secondary

Question 20

Which theca layer is vascualrized?

Answer 20

Theca interna

Question 21

Which cells produce androgens? Stimulus?

Answer 21

Theca interna; LH

Question 22

3 regions of the oviduct?

Answer 22

infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus

Question 23

Where (in oviduct) does fertilization occur?

Answer 23

Ampulla

Question 24

Comparing ampulla to isthmus…which has a thicker muscular layer?

Answer 24

Isthmus

ampulla has thicker mucosa layer

Question 25

T/F: There are no endometrial glands present where there are caruncles?

Answer 25

True

Question 26

What are the hormone levels that determine if a bitch is in estrus?

Answer 26

LH surge | Rising P4

Question 27

3 Vaginal cell types

Answer 27

Parabasal Intermediate Superficial

Question 28

What types of secretions are used for milk?

Answer 28

Merocrine (lipids) and apocrine (proteins and carbs)

Question 29

What does the fetus's hindgut give rise to? What germ cell layer lines it?

Answer 29

Allantois; ectoderm

Question 30

Direction and O2 content of 1) umbilical arteries 2) umbilical veins

Answer 30

1) bringing blood away from fetus; low in O2 | 2) bring blood to fetus; high O2

Question 31

5 Ways to classify placenta?

Answer 31

1) fetal membrane fusion 2) surface modifications of chorion 3) distribution of attachment sites 4) histological strucutres 5) tissue shed at birth

Question 32

Most common type of fetal membrane fusion?

Answer 32

Chorio-allantoic placenta

Question 33

4 types of attachment site distribution? Which animals use which?

Answer 33

Diffuse--horse and pig Cotyledonary--cows and sheep Zonary--cats and dogs Discoidal--people and rats

Question 34

Name the maternal and fetal layers

Answer 34

``` Maternal 1) uterine epithelium 2) connective tissue 3) endothelium Fetal 1) chorionic capillary endothelium 2) mesoderm (CT) 3) trophoblasts ```

Question 35

What are the 4 placental classifications based on layers present? Which spp have which?

Answer 35

1) Epitheliochorial--pig, cow, horse 2) Syndesmochorial--most ruminants, some areas of bovine placenta 3) endothelialchorial--dogs and cats 4) Hemochorial--primates, rats

Question 36

3 classifications based on tissue lost at birth? Which animals have which?

Answer 36

1) deciduate--dogs 2) indeciduate--pigs, horses 3) delayed deciduate--cows

Question 37

what must occur for the pig to not abort?

Answer 37

2 fetuses in each horn by day 12

Question 38

Thought the horse has a diffuse placenta, it contains _____

Answer 38

microplacentomes

Question 39

T/F: Microcaruncles are a permanent structure

Answer 39

False

Question 40

When are endometrial cups present? What do they secrete?

Answer 40

38-150 days; eCG

Question 41

Placentome shape in - -Cows - -Sheep/goats

Answer 41

Cows: convex | Sheep/goats: concave

Question 42

Binucleated trophoblasts in cows?

Answer 42

Diplokaryocytes

Question 43

T/F: Caruncle are a permanent modification of the endometrium

Answer 43

True

Question 44

Pregnancy palpation in cow: Membrane slip? Amniotic vesicle? Placentomes?

Answer 44

membrane--35 days vesicle--45-50d placentomes--75-100d

Question 45

In dog: which layer is site of placental separation at birth?

Answer 45

spongy layer

Question 46

In dog: which layer is origing for re-growth of the endometrium

Answer 46

deep glandular layer