Organology Final New Stuff Flashcards
When are spermatids considered to be spermatozoa?
When they’re no longer contacting the sertoli cell
What is spermiogenesis?
Process of cell differentiation. Spermatids–>sperm
Cholesterol esterase and cholesterol desmolase are both involved with what process? What do they each do?
Testosterone formation
1) esterase–makes free cholesterol available in cell
2) desmolase–converts free cholesterol to pregnenonlone
Which cells help establish the blood testis barrier?
Sertoli cells
What two thing do the epididymal cells absorb?
ABP and inhibin
What is glycerophosphocholine? Where does it come from?
it inhibits activation/capacitation of sperm; from epididymal cells
Which accessory sex gland can serve as short term sperm storage?
Ampulla of ductus deferns
Which access sex gland forms majority of seminal fluid in the ejaculate?
Seminal vesicles
Semenogelin I…Where does it come from? What does it do?
From seminal vesicles
increases ejaculated viscosity
–coat vaginal wall
–protection from acidic pH
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) comes from? What does it do?
From prostate; digests semenogelni I (levels elevate with prostate cancer)
What are the 4 ejaculatory fractions?
1) pre-ejaculatory
2) preliminary fraction
3) main fraction
4) terminal fraction
Which glands contribute to the pre-ejaculatory fraction? what is its purpose?
Bulbourethral, ampulla, epididymis
Clears out and neutralizes the urethra
Which glands contribute to preliminary fraction?
mainly prostate, ampulla, epididymis
Which glands contribute to main fraction?
seminal vesicles, epididymis, and partially prostate
Which glands contribute to terminal fraction? What does it contain?
Seminal vesicles; contains semenogelin I
Which ejaculatory fractions contain the most sperm?
preliminary and main
Which blood vessels enter at the ovarian hilus?
Ovarian artery
Ovarian branches of uterine artery
The wolffian duct comes from? Mullerian ducts?
Wolf–mesonephric
Mull-paramesonephric
Which follicles are first sensitive to FSH?
Secondary
Which theca layer is vascualrized?
Theca interna
Which cells produce androgens? Stimulus?
Theca interna; LH
3 regions of the oviduct?
infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus
Where (in oviduct) does fertilization occur?
Ampulla
Comparing ampulla to isthmus…which has a thicker muscular layer?
Isthmus
ampulla has thicker mucosa layer
T/F: There are no endometrial glands present where there are caruncles?
True
What are the hormone levels that determine if a bitch is in estrus?
LH surge
Rising P4
3 Vaginal cell types
Parabasal
Intermediate
Superficial
What types of secretions are used for milk?
Merocrine (lipids) and apocrine (proteins and carbs)
What does the fetus’s hindgut give rise to? What germ cell layer lines it?
Allantois; ectoderm
Direction and O2 content of
1) umbilical arteries
2) umbilical veins
1) bringing blood away from fetus; low in O2
2) bring blood to fetus; high O2
5 Ways to classify placenta?
1) fetal membrane fusion
2) surface modifications of chorion
3) distribution of attachment sites
4) histological strucutres
5) tissue shed at birth
Most common type of fetal membrane fusion?
Chorio-allantoic placenta
4 types of attachment site distribution? Which animals use which?
Diffuse–horse and pig
Cotyledonary–cows and sheep
Zonary–cats and dogs
Discoidal–people and rats
Name the maternal and fetal layers
Maternal 1) uterine epithelium 2) connective tissue 3) endothelium Fetal 1) chorionic capillary endothelium 2) mesoderm (CT) 3) trophoblasts
What are the 4 placental classifications based on layers present? Which spp have which?
1) Epitheliochorial–pig, cow, horse
2) Syndesmochorial–most ruminants, some areas of bovine placenta
3) endothelialchorial–dogs and cats
4) Hemochorial–primates, rats
3 classifications based on tissue lost at birth? Which animals have which?
1) deciduate–dogs
2) indeciduate–pigs, horses
3) delayed deciduate–cows
what must occur for the pig to not abort?
2 fetuses in each horn by day 12
Thought the horse has a diffuse placenta, it contains _____
microplacentomes
T/F: Microcaruncles are a permanent structure
False
When are endometrial cups present? What do they secrete?
38-150 days; eCG
Placentome shape in
- -Cows
- -Sheep/goats
Cows: convex
Sheep/goats: concave
Binucleated trophoblasts in cows?
Diplokaryocytes
T/F: Caruncle are a permanent modification of the endometrium
True
Pregnancy palpation in cow:
Membrane slip?
Amniotic vesicle?
Placentomes?
membrane–35 days
vesicle–45-50d
placentomes–75-100d
In dog: which layer is site of placental separation at birth?
spongy layer
In dog: which layer is origing for re-growth of the endometrium
deep glandular layer
