Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology 1 > Organizational levels, Systems, Homeostasis, Chemistry & Biomolecules (Ch. 1-4) > Flashcards

Organizational levels, Systems, Homeostasis, Chemistry & Biomolecules (Ch. 1-4) Flashcards

1
Q

Cation vs Anion

A

Cations are positive, anions are negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 types of organic molecules

A

Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 types of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, and Polysaccharides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

5 functions of carbohydrates

A

1) Energy
2) Molecular structure
3) Cell Membrane Components
- signals, identification flags
4) Extracellular Matrix
- materials between cells
5) Dietary Fiber
- plant fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

11 major elements in the body

A

Oxygen, Carbon, Nitrogen, Hydrogen, Calcium, Phosphorus, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Chlorine, Sulfur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

6 Functions of lipid compounds

A

1) Energy - storage
2) Structure - cell membrane
3) Vitamins - absorbs fat soluble vitamins
4) Protection - organs
5) Insulation - skin
6) Regulation - make up hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7 functions of Protein Compounds

A

1) Provide structure - skin, nails, cell membrane
2) Catalyze chemical reactions
3) Transport substances in blood -
4) Communicate information to cells - chemical messengers
5) Act as receptors - binding sites
6) Defend the body against harmful agents - antibodies
7) Provide energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do bases do to pH?

A

Increase OH-, decrease H+, and Increase pH (8-14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do acids do to pH?

A

Increase H+, Decrease OH-, Decrease pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are molecules?

A

Atoms of two or elements that join together
- could be from the same element
- H2, CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 3 types of chemical bonds

A

1) Ionic
2) Covalent
3) Hydrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are free radicals?

A

Temporarily unattached, highly reactive chemical groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Inorganic vs. Organic compounds

A

Organic
- Contain C-C or C-H bonds
- larger and more complex
- In all living organisms

Inorganic
- NO C-C or C-H bonds
- not living

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the most common organic compound?

A

Carbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How many types of amino acids are there?

A

There are 21 amino acids
- 8 essential
- 13 nonessential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Acids, bases, and salts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A
  • transfer electrons from one atom to the other
  • one positive atom and one negative atom
  • opposites attract
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you find an atom’s atomic mass?

A

Add the number of protons and the number of neutrons in the nucleus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Catabolic vs. Anabolic reactions

A

Catabolic Reactions
- Break down larger molecules into smaller chemical units
- Release energy

Anabolic Reactions
- Join (build) small molecules together
- Require energy

20
Q

Protein synthesis is what type of reaction?

A

Anabolic, because it is building proteins.

21
Q

What is the weakest type of chemical bond?

A

Hydrogen bonds

22
Q

When is an atom stable?

A

When it has 8 electrons in its outer energy shell.

23
Q

What is an element?

A

The simplest form of matter. Building blocks for all living things.

24
Q

What is an atom?

A

The smallest units of matter that give the characteristics and properties of that element.

25
Q

What is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body?

A

Water, H2O

26
Q

What is the most abundant inorganic compound?

A

Water, H2O

27
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A
  • share electrons between atoms
  • most common type of chemical bond
28
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A
29
Q

What are compounds?

A

Atoms from two or more DIFFERENT elements that join together.
- NaCl, CO

30
Q

Integumentary System

A

protection, temperature regulation, sensation

(Skin)

31
Q

Skeletal system

A

support, protection, movement, mineral and fat storage, blood production

(Bones, ligaments)

32
Q

Muscular system

A

Movement, posture, heat production

(Skeletal muscles, tendons)

33
Q

Nervous system

A

Control, sensation, memory, regulation and coordination of other systems

(Brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory organs)

34
Q

Endocrine system

A

Control and regulation of other systems

(Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, etc.)

35
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

exchange and transport of materials

(heart, arteries, veins, capillaries)

36
Q

Lymphatic system

A

Immunity and fluid balance

(Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils)

37
Q

Respiratory system

A

Gas exchange and acid-base balance

(Lungs, bronchial tree, Trachea, larynx, nasal cavity)

38
Q

Digestive system

A

breakdown and absorption of nutrients, elimination of waste

(Stomach, large and small intestines, esophagus, liver, pancreas, mouth)

39
Q

Urinary system

A

Excretion of waste, fluid and electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance

(kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra)

40
Q

Reproductive system

A

Reproduction, continuity of genetic info, nurturing of offspring, social bonding

41
Q

List the levels of organization from smallest to biggest

A

1) Chemical
2) Organelle
3) Cellular
4) Tissue
5) Organ
6) System
7) Organism

42
Q

1) What is the parietal peritoneum?
2) What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

1) Membrane lining on the inside of the abdominal cavity.
2) Membrane that covers the organs within the abdominal cavity.

43
Q

What is the thermostat of the body that regulates internal temperature?

A

Hypothalamus

44
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The relative consistency of the body’s internal environment.

45
Q

What is a positive feedback control loop? Examples?

A
  • Amplify or reinforce a change
  • Produces an action that enhances the change
    -Typically disrupt homeostasis
  • Stimulatory
46
Q

What is a negative feedback control loop? Examples?

A
  • Inhibit or oppose changes in homeostasis
  • Produce an action opposite of the change
  • Inhibitory
  • Most common
47
Q

What are the steps of a feedback control loop?

A

1) Sensor mechanism detects the stimulus
2) Integrator or control center processes the message
3) Effector mechanism responds to the stimulus

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions