Organizational Change and Development

Question 1

Lewin’s model of organizational change involves what three stages in planned changes?

Answer 1

1. UNFREEZING the present level of functioning
2. CHANGING (moving) to a new level of functioning
3. REFREEZING the new level of functioning

Question 2

If organizational change is a process, goal, or both, organizational development is:

Answer 2

a collection of methods to help reach that goal or change.

Question 3

Survey Feedback involves what three phases?

Answer 3

1. Collect data - surveys to all employees about perceptions of work and org.
2. Provide feedback - Share information about results, org’s strengths/weaknesses, and ID problems which need addressing.
3. Develop action plan - Management will develop plan, to address concerns and problem areas.

Question 4

Process Consultation does not answer questions, but helps the org become self-reliant by focusing on what areas which contribute to performance problems?

Answer 4

1. Communication
2. Decision making
3. Problem solving
4. Interpersonal relationships
5. Other org. processes

Question 5

Groups of supervisor-less employees who have total responsibility for and control over their work (including hiring, budgeting, and performance evals) are known as:

Answer 5

Self-Managed Work Teams (SMWTs)

Leaders may change based on current needs of expertise.

Question 6

Technostructural interventions focus on improving various aspects of an org. by changing structure or technology in the what three ways?

Answer 6

1. Business process reengineering (BPR) - increases efficiency by radically redesigning core processes
2. Job enrichment - designing a job so it involves opportunities for responsibility
3. Alternative work schedules - flextime and compressed work weeks.

Question 7

A schedule which requires all employees to work a standard number of hours and work during a core time (e.g. 11am to 3pm) but offers flexible starting and end times, is known as:

Answer 7

Flextime

Associated with a strong effect or satisfaction and productivity and a strong effect on absenteeism.

Question 8

A schedule which reduces the number of work days by increasing the hours worked each day is known as a:

Answer 8

Compressed workweek

Associated with increased satisfaction but not productivity.

Question 9

A process of continual improvement through the continuous changes to all procedures, which may emphasizes the involvement of employees, data-driven decision-making, is known as:

Answer 9

Total Quality Managment (TQM)

Question 10

Specific total quality management (TQM) techniques include what three techniques:

Answer 10

1. Quality circles - small groups of employees who regularly meet to discuss organizational problems and suggest solutions and report this to management.
2. Benchmarking - a continuous process of measuring various aspects against competitors and/or industry leaders.
3. Six sigma - provides training in statistics, project management, and problem-solving methods to employees and managers.

Question 11

The method which IDs and builds on the best aspects of an org. is known as:

Answer 11

Appreciative inquiry

Question 12

The 4D Cycle of appreciative inquiry includes what four phases?

Answer 12

1. Discovery (appreciate what is)
2. Dream (envision what could be)
3. Design (determine what should be)
4. Delivery/Destiny (sustain what will be)