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AnaPhy ni Ma'am E > Organization of the Human Body > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

science of body structures and the relationships among them

A

anatomy

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2
Q

the science of body functions–
how body parts work

A

physiology

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3
Q

The first 8 weeks of
development following
fertilization of an egg

A

embryology

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4
Q

what are the selected subspecialties of anatomy?

A

embryology
developmental biology
cell biology
surface anatomy
gross anatomy
systemic anatomy
neurophysiology
endocrinology
cardiovascular physiology
immunology
renal physiology
pathophysiology

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5
Q

The complete
development of an
individual from
fertilization of an egg to
death

A

developmental biology

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6
Q

Cellular structure and
functions

A

cell biology

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7
Q

Surface markings of the
body to understand
internal anatomy
through visualization and
palpation

A

surface anatomy

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8
Q

Structures that can be
examined without using
a microscope

A

gross anatomy

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9
Q

Structure of specific
systems of the body such
as the nervous

A

systemic anatomy

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10
Q

Functional properties of
nerve cells

A

neurophysiology

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11
Q

Hormones and how they
control body functions

A

endocrinology

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12
Q

Functions of the heart
and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular physiology

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13
Q

How the body defends
itself against disease causing agents

A

immunology

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14
Q

functions of the kidney

A

renal physiology

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15
Q

Functional changes
associated with disease
and aging

A

pathophysiology

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16
Q

what are the levels of structural organization?

A
  1. Chemical Level
  2. Cellular Level
  3. Tissue Level
  4. Organ Level
  5. System Level
  6. Organismal Level
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17
Q

What are the organ systems of the human body?

A

Integumentary
skeletal
muscular
nervous
endocrine
cardiovascular
lymphatic
respiratory
digestive
urinary
reproductive

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18
Q

Functions: protects the body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make Vit D; and detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and
cold.

A

integumentary system

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19
Q

Functions: supports and protects the body; provides a surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores
mineral and lipids

A

skeletal system

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20
Q

Functions: Produces body movements such as walking; stabilizes body position; generates heat

A

muscular system

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21
Q

Functions: Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes,
and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

A

nervous system

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22
Q

Functions: Regulates body activities by releasing hormones which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target
organ

A

endocrine system

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23
Q

Functions: Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and CO2 and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content; blood
components help defend against disease

A

cardiovascular system

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24
Q

Functions: Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from GI tract to blood; include structures where lymphocytes that protect against disease-causing
microbes mature and proliferate

A

lymphatic system

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25
Q

Functions: Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid-base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs
through vocal cords produces sounds

A

respiratory system

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26
Q

Functions: Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

A

digestive system

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27
Q

Functions: Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance;
helps regulate production of red blood cells

A

urinary system

28
Q

Functions: Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a new organism; gonads release hormones that regulate
reproduction and other body processes

A

reproductive system

29
Q

sum of all the chemical processes
that occur in the body

A

metabolism

30
Q

breakdown of complex chemical
substances into simpler components

A

catabolism

31
Q

the building up of complex chemical
substances from smaller, simpler components

A

anabolism

32
Q

the body’s ability to detect and
respond to changes

A

responsiveness

33
Q

includes motion of the whole body,
individual organs, single cells, and even tiny
structures inside cells

A

movements

34
Q

increase in body size that results from
an increase in the size of existing cells, an
increase in the number of cells, or both

A

growth

35
Q

is the development of a cell
from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

differentiation

36
Q

refers either to the formation of
new cells for tissue growth, repair, or
replacement, or to the production of a new
individual

A

reproduction

37
Q

Is the condition of equilibrium in the body’s
internal environment due to the constant
interaction of the body’s many regulatory
processes

A

homeostasis

38
Q

is a cycle of events in which
the status of a body condition is monitored,
evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated,
and so on

A

feedback mechanism

39
Q

reverses a change in
a controlled condition.

A

negative feedback

40
Q

strengthens or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled condition

A

positive feedback

41
Q

Description of any region or part of the human
body assume that it is in a specific stance called __________

A

anatomical position

42
Q

body is lying face down

A

prone position

43
Q

body is lying face up

A

supine position

44
Q

are used to describe the position of one body
part relative to another

A

directional terms

45
Q

what are the directional terms?

A

superior
inferior
anterior
posterior
lateral
medial
intermediate
ipsilateral
contralateral
proximal
distal
superficial
deep

46
Q

Toward the head, or the
upper part of a structure

A

superior

47
Q

Away from the head or
the lower part of a
structure

A

inferior

48
Q

Nearer to or at the front
of the body

A

anterior

49
Q

Nearer to or at the back
of the body

A

posterior

50
Q

Farther from the midline

A

lateral

51
Q

Nearer to the midline

A

medial

52
Q

Between two structures

A

intermediate

53
Q

On the same side of the
body as another
structure

A

ipsilateral

54
Q

On the opposite side of
the body from another
structure

A

contralateral

55
Q

Nearer to the attachment
of a limb to the trunk;
nearer to the origination
of a structure

A

proximal

56
Q

Farther from the
attachment of a limb to
the truck; farther from
the origination of a
structure

A

distal

57
Q

Toward or on the surface
of the body

A

superficial

58
Q

Away from the surface of
the body

A

deep

59
Q

imaginary flat surfaces that pass
through the body parts

A

planes

60
Q

vertical plane that divides the
body or organ into right and left sides; if midline

A

sagittal plane

61
Q

_____________ plane; if unequal sides -
____________

A

midsagittal, parasagittal

62
Q

divides the body or
organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

coronal or frontal plane

63
Q

divides the
body or organ into superior or inferior portions

A

transverse plane or cross-sectional

64
Q

passes through the body or
organ at an angle between a transverse and a
sagittal plane or between a transverse plane an frontal plane

A

oblique plane

65
Q

are spaces within
the body that help protect, separate, and
support internal organs

A

body cavities

AnaPhy ni Ma'am E (5 decks)

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