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AnaPhy ni Ma'am E > Intergumentary > Flashcards

Intergumentary Flashcards

1
Q

what are the structures of the skin?

A

 Epidermis
 Basement membrane (dermoepidermal
junction)
 Dermis
 Subcutaneous fat

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2
Q

layers/ parts of epidermis

A
  1. stratum corneum (cornified layer) 2
  2. stratum lucidum (found on thick skins)
  3. stratum granulosum
  4. stratum spinosum
  5. stratum basale/germinativum
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3
Q

Parts of dermis

A
  1. collagen fibers & elastic fibers
  2. extracellular matrix
  3. blood vessels
  4. nerves
  5. smooth muscles
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4
Q

what are the skin appendages?

A

 hair follicles s
 sebaceous gland
 arrector pili muscle
 eccrine & apocrine sweat glands
 nail

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5
Q

It deals with disorders of skin, hair, nails, and
mucous membranes

A

Dermatology

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6
Q

this is the outer layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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7
Q

this is the part of the skin that has thicker connective tissue

A

dermis

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8
Q

Functions of integumentary system

A
  1. Protection
  2. Sensation
  3. Movement and growth
  4. Endocrine - Vitamin D production
  5. Excretion - Regulation of sweat
  6. Immunity - First line of defense
  7. Temperature regulation
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9
Q

Classified as a membrane - the cutaneous
membrane
 Two main layers
Epidermis - outer, thinner
Dermis - inner, thicker
 The two layers are separated by a basement
membrane

A

Skin

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10
Q

 Composed entirely of stratified squamous
epithelium
 Lacks blood vessels
 Composed of four, or in the palm and sole, five distinct layers

A

Epidermis

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11
Q
  • The outermost layer of cells harden and die in a process called ______________
  • The total process takes ~2 months.
     involves the formation of keratin polypeptides
     abnormalities in this process leads to roughness
    and scaling of the skin (e.g. psoriasis)
A

keratinization

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12
Q

– outermost layer, composed
of layers of dead, non-nucleated, keratinized
cells
-  The cells in this layer have no nucleus .
 Cells have thick envelope that resist chemicals.
 Cells are held together by desmosomes.
- it is 25-cell layer

A

stratum corneum

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13
Q

on soles and palms only,
appears clear

A

stratum lucidum

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14
Q
  • 3 to 5 layers of flattened, granular cells
  •  Granular Cell layer : Diamond- shaped cells.
     Cytoplasm is filled with keratohyaline granules.
     In thin skin it is cell layers and 10 cell layers in thick skin like palms and soles.
A

stratum granulosum

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15
Q
  • many layers of nucleated
    cells, becoming flattened, developing keratin
    fibers
  • Usually layers thick .
     Adhere to each other by desmosomes (complex
    modification of the cell membrane ).
     Desmosomes appear like spines.
A

stratum spinosum

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16
Q
  • deepest layer, single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells that are growing and dividing
  •  Rest on the basement membrane that divides continuously and move upwards.
A

stratum basale

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17
Q

 Specialized cells in the stratum basale of the
epidermis with long processes that extend into
the stratum spinosum
 Produce the dark pigment melanin which
provides skin color
 Melanin production is stimulated by ultraviolet radiation

A

melanocytes

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17
Q

are transferred to adjacent cells
forming the Epidermal Melanin unit

A

melanosomes

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18
Q

Small, unmelanized, clumped melanosomes are found in _____________

A

white skin

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19
Q

Large melanized, dispersed melanosomes in
_________________

A

dark skin

20
Q

skin structure components of basement membrane

A

lamina lucida
lamina densa
anchoring fibrils

21
Q

: thin clear amorphous space

A

lamina lucida

22
Q

an electron dense area
containing type 4 collagen

A

lamina densa

23
Q

: anchors epidermis to dermis,
type 7 collagen

A

anchoring fibrils

24
Q

 Pink homogenous area between epidermis & dermis
 consists of number of proteins like BP antigens, collagen 4
 site of attack injury in blistering diseases

A

basement membrane

25
Q

skin cancers

A

 Squamous cell carcinoma
 Basal cell carcinoma
 Malignant melanoma

26
Q

what are the two layers of dermis?

A

papillary area and reticular area

27
Q

has projections up into the
epidermal layer, provides nutrients to the
epidermis via its abundant blood vessels

A

papillary area

28
Q

denser, deeper, main area of the dermis, mat of irregularly arranged fibers resistant to stretching

A

reticular area

29
Q

what are the dermis cells?

A

histocyte
fibroblast
mast cell

30
Q

 composed of adipose tissue

A

subcutaneous fat

31
Q

it harness the adipose tissue or lipid/ fats

A

adipocytes

32
Q

this is the primary sensory cells that are for tactile stimulus that have low pressure stimulus

A

merkell cells

33
Q

they have high pressure stimulus

A

paccinian cells

34
Q

 present everywhere except the vermilion border of the lips, nail beds, labia minora, glans
 abundant in palms, soles

A

eccrine sweat glands

35
Q

present in the axillae, anogenital area modified glands in the external ear canal, eyelids (moll’s glands) and areolae

A

apocrine sweat glands

36
Q

 attached to hair follicles or open freely
 present in the scalp, forehead, face,
upper chest except palms and soles
 under the control of androgens
 ectopic glands in the mucous membrane
are called fordyce spots.
 present in the areola as Montgomery’s
tubercles, in the eyelids as Meibomian glands

A

sebaceous glands

37
Q

 attached to sebaceous gland to form the
pilosebaceous unit (hair follicle, hair shaft,
sebaceous gland)

A

hair follicles

38
Q

region between skin surface
& sebaceous gland

A

infundibulum

39
Q
  • begin at sebaceous glands and end aat
    bulge area (site of insertion of arrector pili
    muscle)
A

isthmus

40
Q

smooth muscle located in the
dermis and is attached to the side of the hair
shaft

A

arrector pili

41
Q

cuticle, cortex contain pigment cells, medulla

A

hair shaft

42
Q

types of hair

A
  1. Terminal Hair
  2. Lanugo Hair
  3. Bristle Hair
  4. Villus Hair
43
Q

made up of dead keratinized cells of
matrix.

A

nail plate

44
Q

is visible through nail plate.

A

nail bed

45
Q

lies above the midportion of distal
phalanx.

A

nail matrix

46
Q

Functions as a hormone for the incorporation of ingested calcium into the bones

A

Vitamin D

47
Q

 Skin exposed to the ultraviolet rays of the sun converts pro-Vitamin D to Vitamin ____

A

D3

AnaPhy ni Ma'am E (5 decks)

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