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ANAPHY > Organization of the Human Body > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

It is the science of body structures
and the relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

It is the science of body functions–
how body parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Study of the first 8 weeks of
development following
fertilization of an egg

A

Embryology

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4
Q

Study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

A

Development Biology

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5
Q

Study of cellular structure and functions

A

Cell Biology

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6
Q

Study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy
through visualization and
palpation

A

Surface Anatomy

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7
Q

Study of structures that can be
examined without using a
microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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8
Q

Study of structure of specific systems of
the body such as the nervous

A

Systemic Anatomy

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9
Q

Study of functional properties of nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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10
Q

Study of hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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11
Q

Study of functions of the heart and blood
vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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12
Q

Study of how the body defends itself against
disease-causing agents

A

Immunology

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13
Q

Study of functions of the kidneys

A

Renal physiology

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14
Q

Study of functional changes associated with disease and aging.

A

Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Selected Subspecialties of
Anatomy

A

Embryology
Development Biology
Cell Biology
Surface Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy

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16
Q

Selected Subspecialties of
Physiology

A

Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Physiology
Immunology
Renal Physiology
Pathophysiology

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17
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A

Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level
Organismal level

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18
Q

It protects
the body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make Vit D; and detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.

A

Integumentary system

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19
Q

supports and protects the body; provides a surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores mineral and lipids

A

Skeletal system

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20
Q

Produces body movements such as walking; stabilizes body
position; generates
heat

A

Muscular system

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21
Q

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

A

Nervous system

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22
Q

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

A

Endocrine system

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23
Q

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and
CO2 and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content; blood components help defend against disease

A

Cardiovascular system

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24
Q

Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from GI tract to blood; include structures where lymphocytes that protect against disease-causing microbes mature and proliferate

A

Lymphatic system

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25
Q

Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid- base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds

A

Respiratory system

26
Q

Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes

A

Digestive system

27
Q

Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells

A

Urinary system

28
Q

Functions: Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a new organism; gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes

A

Reproductive system

29
Q

sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body

A

Metabolism

30
Q

breakdown of complex chemical
substances into simpler components

A

Catabolism

31
Q

the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler
components

A

Anabolism

32
Q

the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes

A

Responsiveness

33
Q

RESPONSIVENESS

• Nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals known as
_______

• _________ respond by contracting, which generates force to move body parts

A

nerve impulses
Muscle cells

34
Q

includes motion of the whole
body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells

A

Movement

35
Q

________ is the increase in body size that results
from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both

EXAMPLE:
• __________ accumulate between bones cells, causing the
bone to grow in length and width

A

Growth

Mineral deposits

36
Q

It is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state

A

Differentiation

37
Q

refers either to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or to the production of a new
individual

A

Reproduction

38
Q

Is the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the
constant
interaction of the body’s many regulaton

A

Homeostasis

39
Q

It is a cycle of events in
which the status of a body condition is
monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored,
reevaluated, and so on.

A

Feedback system

40
Q

Process of:
• Negative feedback loop
• Body temperature regulation

A

NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP
• Stimulus
• Sensor
• Control
• Effector

BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION
• Body temperature exceeds 37°C
• Nerve cells in skin and brain
• Temperature regulatory center in brain
• Sweat glands throughout the body

41
Q

reverses a change in a controlled condition.

A

Negative feedback system

42
Q

strengthens or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled condition.

A

Positive control system

43
Q

Body positions

It is the description of any region or part of the human body assume that it is in a specific stance called ,________?

A

anatomical position

44
Q

______- body is lying face down

A

Prone position

45
Q

Toward the head, or the upper part
of a structure

A

Superior

46
Q

Away from the head or the lower part of a
structure

A

Inferior

47
Q

Nearer to or at the front of the body

A

Anterior

48
Q

Nearer to or at the back of the body

A

Posterior

49
Q

______ - Farther from the midline
______ - Nearer to the midline
______ - Between two structures

A

Lateral
Medial
Intermediate

50
Q

On the same side of the body as another structure

A

Ipsilateral

51
Q

On the opposite side of the body from another
structure

A

Contralateral

52
Q

Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure

A

Proximal

53
Q

Farther from the attachment of a limb to the truck; farther from the origination of a structure

A

Distal

54
Q

_______ - Toward or on the surface of the body
_______ - Away from the surface of the body

A

Superficial
Deep

55
Q

imaginary flat surfaces that pass
through the body parts

A

Planes

56
Q

_______ - vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides

_______ - if midline
_______ - if unequal sides

A

Sagittal plane
Midsagittal plane
Parasagittal plane

57
Q

divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions

A

Coronal or frontal plane

58
Q

divides the body or organ into superior or inferior portions

A

Transverse plane or cross sectional

59
Q

passes through the body or organ
at an angle between a transverse and a sagittal plane or between a transverse plane and frontal
plane

A

Oblique plane

60
Q

are spaces within the body that
help protect, separate, and support internal
organs.

A

Body cavities

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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