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ANAPHY > Organization of the Human Body > Flashcards

Organization of the Human Body Flashcards

1
Q

It is the science of body structures
and the relationships among them

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

It is the science of body functions–
how body parts work

A

Physiology

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3
Q

Study of the first 8 weeks of
development following
fertilization of an egg

A

Embryology

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4
Q

Study of the complete development of an individual from fertilization of an egg to death

A

Development Biology

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5
Q

Study of cellular structure and functions

A

Cell Biology

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6
Q

Study of surface markings of the body to understand internal anatomy
through visualization and
palpation

A

Surface Anatomy

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7
Q

Study of structures that can be
examined without using a
microscope

A

Gross Anatomy

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8
Q

Study of structure of specific systems of
the body such as the nervous

A

Systemic Anatomy

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9
Q

Study of functional properties of nerve cells

A

Neurophysiology

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10
Q

Study of hormones and how they control body functions

A

Endocrinology

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11
Q

Study of functions of the heart and blood
vessels

A

Cardiovascular physiology

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12
Q

Study of how the body defends itself against
disease-causing agents

A

Immunology

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13
Q

Study of functions of the kidneys

A

Renal physiology

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14
Q

Study of functional changes associated with disease and aging.

A

Pathophysiology

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15
Q

Selected Subspecialties of
Anatomy

A

Embryology
Development Biology
Cell Biology
Surface Anatomy
Gross Anatomy
Systemic Anatomy

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16
Q

Selected Subspecialties of
Physiology

A

Neurophysiology
Endocrinology
Cardiovascular Physiology
Immunology
Renal Physiology
Pathophysiology

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17
Q

Levels of Structural Organization

A

Chemical level
Cellular level
Tissue level
Organ level
System level
Organismal level

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18
Q

It protects
the body; helps regulate body temperature; eliminates some wastes; helps make Vit D; and detects sensations such as touch, pain, warmth, and cold.

A

Integumentary system

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19
Q

supports and protects the body; provides a surface area for muscle attachments; aids body movements; houses cells that produce blood cells; stores mineral and lipids

A

Skeletal system

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20
Q

Produces body movements such as walking; stabilizes body
position; generates
heat

A

Muscular system

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21
Q

Generates action potentials (nerve impulses) to regulate body activities; detects changes in the body’s internal and external environments, interprets changes, and responds by causing muscular contractions or glandular secretions.

A

Nervous system

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22
Q

Regulates body activities by releasing hormones which are chemical messengers transported in blood from an endocrine gland or tissue to a target organ

A

Endocrine system

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23
Q

Heart pumps blood through blood vessels; blood carries oxygen and nutrients to cells and
CO2 and wastes away from cells and helps regulate acid-base balance, temperature, water content; blood components help defend against disease

A

Cardiovascular system

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24
Q

Returns proteins and fluid to blood; carries lipids from GI tract to blood; include structures where lymphocytes that protect against disease-causing microbes mature and proliferate

A

Lymphatic system

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25
Transfers oxygen from inhaled air to blood and CO2 from blood to exhaled air; helps regulate acid- base balance of body fluids; air flowing out of lungs through vocal cords produces sounds
Respiratory system
26
Achieves physical and chemical breakdown of food; absorbs nutrients; eliminates solid wastes
Digestive system
27
Produces, stores, and eliminates urine; eliminates wastes and regulates volume and chemical composition of blood; helps maintain the acid-base balance of body fluids; maintains body’s mineral balance; helps regulate production of red blood cells
Urinary system
28
Functions: Gonads produce gametes that unite to form a new organism; gonads release hormones that regulate reproduction and other body processes
Reproductive system
29
sum of all the chemical processes that occur in the body
Metabolism
30
breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
Catabolism
31
the building up of complex chemical substances from smaller, simpler components
Anabolism
32
the body’s ability to detect and respond to changes
Responsiveness
33
RESPONSIVENESS • Nerve cells respond by generating electrical signals known as _______ • _________ respond by contracting, which generates force to move body parts
nerve impulses Muscle cells
34
includes motion of the whole body, individual organs, single cells, and even tiny structures inside cells
Movement
35
________ is the increase in body size that results from an increase in the size of existing cells, an increase in the number of cells, or both EXAMPLE: • __________ accumulate between bones cells, causing the bone to grow in length and width
Growth Mineral deposits
36
It is the development of a cell from an unspecialized to a specialized state
Differentiation
37
refers either to the formation of new cells for tissue growth, repair, or replacement, or to the production of a new individual
Reproduction
38
Is the condition of equilibrium in the body’s internal environment due to the constant interaction of the body’s many regulaton
Homeostasis
39
It is a cycle of events in which the status of a body condition is monitored, evaluated, changed, remonitored, reevaluated, and so on.
Feedback system
40
Process of: • Negative feedback loop • Body temperature regulation
NEGATIVE FEEDBACK LOOP • Stimulus • Sensor • Control • Effector BODY TEMPERATURE REGULATION • Body temperature exceeds 37°C • Nerve cells in skin and brain • Temperature regulatory center in brain • Sweat glands throughout the body
41
reverses a change in a controlled condition.
Negative feedback system
42
strengthens or reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled condition.
Positive control system
43
Body positions It is the description of any region or part of the human body assume that it is in a specific stance called ,________?
anatomical position
44
______- body is lying face down
Prone position
45
Toward the head, or the upper part of a structure
Superior
46
Away from the head or the lower part of a structure
Inferior
47
Nearer to or at the front of the body
Anterior
48
Nearer to or at the back of the body
Posterior
49
______ - Farther from the midline ______ - Nearer to the midline ______ - Between two structures
Lateral Medial Intermediate
50
On the same side of the body as another structure
Ipsilateral
51
On the opposite side of the body from another structure
Contralateral
52
Nearer to the attachment of a limb to the trunk; nearer to the origination of a structure
Proximal
53
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the truck; farther from the origination of a structure
Distal
54
_______ - Toward or on the surface of the body _______ - Away from the surface of the body
Superficial Deep
55
imaginary flat surfaces that pass through the body parts
Planes
56
_______ - vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and left sides _______ - if midline _______ - if unequal sides
Sagittal plane Midsagittal plane Parasagittal plane
57
divides the body or organ into anterior and posterior portions
Coronal or frontal plane
58
divides the body or organ into superior or inferior portions
Transverse plane or cross sectional
59
passes through the body or organ at an angle between a transverse and a sagittal plane or between a transverse plane and frontal plane
Oblique plane
60
are spaces within the body that help protect, separate, and support internal organs.
Body cavities

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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