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ANAPHY > Cell Membrane > Flashcards

Cell Membrane Flashcards

1
Q

Common hereditary diseases

A

Familiar hypercholesterolemia
Hereditary spherocytosis
Acute pancreatitis
Cancer metastasis
Cystic Fibrosis

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2
Q

It can cause or lead to several DISEASES

A

Disruption of membranes

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3
Q

Properties of membranes

A

• Asymmetric
• Viscous and Plastic
• Dynamic
• Thermodynamically stable and metabolically active
• Noncovalent Assembly

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4
Q

_____________:
• Irregular distribution of proteins
•
External location of carbohydrates
• Specific enzymes exhibit specificity of location
• Phospholipids (_______ containing are external while _______ containing are in the inner
leaflet)*

A

Inside-outside asymmetry

choline
amino acid

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5
Q

Functions of cell membrane

A

• Permit cell individuality
• Has selective permeability
• Important for cell to cell interaction and adhesion
• Important for transmembrane signaling
• Forms specialized compartments for organelles
• Localize enzymes
• Integral elements in excitation-response coupling

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6
Q

Describe INTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT (ICF)

A

− Contains 2/3 of body water
− Provides environment for the cell to :
● Synthesize, store and utilize energy
● Repair itself
● Replicate
● Perform special functions

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7
Q

Describe EXTRACELLULAR FLUID COMPARTMENT (ECF)

A

− Contains 1/3 of total body water distributed between PLASMA and INTERSTITIAL FLUID compartments
− Is a delivery system of nutrients, ions, oxygen and hormones to cells
− Removes waste products from the cells

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8
Q

Composition of cell membrane

A

Lipid
Protein
Carbohydrates

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9
Q

provides the basic structures of
biological membranes

A

Lipids

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10
Q

perform most of the membrane’s specific tasks

A

Proteins

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11
Q

Major Membrane Lipids

A
  1. PHOSPHOLIPIDS
    1.1. phosphoglycerides - most abundant
    1.2. sphingomyelin
  2. GLYCOSPHINGLOLIPIDS
    2.1. cerebrosides
    2.2. gangliosides
  3. STEROLS
    3.1. cholesterol
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12
Q

MEMBRANE LIPIDS
• All major membrane lipids are _______
• forms _______
• Fatty acids may be ______ or ______

A

• AMPHIPATHIC
• BILAYERS
• saturated or unsaturated

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13
Q

Lipid bilayers are formed by
______ driven by ___________

A

SELF-ASSEMBLY
HYDROPHOBIC EFFECT

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14
Q

________ are the more common membrane phospholipid

The most common phosphoglycerides is ________

A

PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES
Phosphatidic acid

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15
Q

Sugar-containing lipids built on a backbone of ceramide

Include the cerebrosides (galactosyl- and glucosylceramide) and the gangliosides

A

Glycosphingolipids

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16
Q

Most common sterol in membranes

Intercalates among phospholipids in the cell membrane

Is also amphipathic with its hydroxyl group lying at the aqueous surface

“moderator molecule”

A

Cholesterol

17
Q

ROLE OF CHOLESTEROL

A

Modifies membrane fluidity

At high temperatures (above T), its rigid structure LIMITS DISORDER AND FLUIDITY (condensing effect)

At low temperatures (below Tm), it INCREASES FLUIDITY by interfering with the interactions of hydrocarbon tails of fatty acids

18
Q

Functions of membrane protein

A

• Enzymes
• Pumps, channel, carriers
• Antigens
• Receptors
• Structural Proteins

19
Q

• occur in association with lipids or proteins : glycolipids or glycoproteins
• mostly found on the external membrane surface

FUNCTIONS:
✔ receptors
✔ antigens
✔ confers recognition, negative charge and protection to cell (as glycocalyx)

A

Carbohydrates

20
Q

THE FLUID MOSAIC MODEL BY
SINGER AND NICOLSON (1972)

A

■ universally accepted description of membrane structure

■ “icebergs” (proteins) floating in a “sea” of phospholipids

■ membranes undergo phasic changes from stiff (gel or crystalline) to fluid state

both lipids and proteins undergo “rapid redistribution” in the plane of the membrane (“lateral diffusion”)

21
Q

Factors affecting membrane fluidity

A

Lipid composite
Temperature

22
Q

temperature at
which structure undergoes transition from ordered to disordered state

A

Temperature transition

23
Q

Importance of membrane fluidity

A

• Permeability to water and hydrophobic molecules
• lateral mobility of integral proteins

24
Q

– are formed when bile acids (which are amphipathic)
associate with products of lipid digestion
– bile acids-formed micelles assist in the digestion
and absorption of fat plus ADEK

A

Micelles

25
Q
  • are vesicles surrounded by a lipid bilayer
  • consists of phospholipids that are of natural or
    synthetic origin
A

Lyposome

26
Q

• biochemical signals from hormones, neurotransmitters bind to receptors in the cell membrane
• transmits information to the cytoplasm via these membranes through the generation of signaling molecules : cyclic nucleotides, calcium, diacylglycerol and phosphoinositides

A

Signal Transduction

27
Q

It is comprised of both peripheral and integral proteins

A

G-Protein Coupled Receptor (GPCR)

28
Q

It is composed of 2 confirmation of proteins

A

Tyrosine kinase receptor

29
Q

Cell membrane transport systems are very important because :

A
  1. The cell membrane is SELECTIVE
  2. Cell membrane RECEIVES AND
    TRANSMITS SIGNALS from other cells
30
Q

moves ONE TYPE of substance
bidirectionally

Ex:_______

A

Uniport

Glucose transporters (GLUT)

31
Q

Two types of cotransport

A

Symport
Antiport

32
Q

moves TWO solutes in the SAME
DIRECTION

Ex: ______, _____

A

Symport

SGLT1 and SGLT2

33
Q

moves TWO solutes in OPPOSITE directions

A

Antiport

34
Q
  • transport across the membrane DOWN AN
    ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT
  • no energy involved
A

SIMPLE DIFFUSION

35
Q

FACTORS AFFECTING SIMPLE DIFFUSION:

A
  1. concentration gradient across membrane
  2. electrical potential across membrane
  3. permeability coefficient of the substance to the
    membrane,, lipid solubility
  4. pressure difference across membrane
  5. thickness of membrane
  6. temperature
  7. distance
  8. number of channels
36
Q
  • are for water soluble substances /ions
  • permeability depends upon size, extent of hydration and charge density of the ion
  • specific channels for each ion
  • activity of some channels are regulated by neurotransmitters or can be..
  • “gated”
A

ION CHANNELS

ANAPHY (3 decks)

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