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Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner > Organization Of The Body: Chapter Two > Flashcards

Organization Of The Body: Chapter Two Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cells grouped together are called

A

Tissues
Ex: groups of muscle cells are muscle tissues

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2
Q

All parts of the body are composed of individual units called

A

Cells

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3
Q

Muscle, nerve, epithelial (skin, and lining of internal organs and cavaties), and bone are examples of

A

Cells

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4
Q

Collections of different tissues working together are

A

Organs

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5
Q

Groups of organs working together are called the

A

Systems of the body

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6
Q

How many systems are there in the body?

A

10/11 Systems

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7
Q

The system that transports blood through the body and includes: heart, blood, blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries is called the

A

Circulatory System

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8
Q

The system that transports lymph, which contains Lymphocytes that fight against disease and include lymph vessels and lymph nodes is called the

A

Lymphatic System

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9
Q

The system that brings food into the body and breaks it down so that it can enter the bloodstream and includes the mouth, stomach, and intestines is called the

A

Digestive System

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10
Q

The system that is composed of glands that send messages called hormones into the blood and includes thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands is called the

A

Endocrine System

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11
Q

The system that produces the cells that join to from the embryo is called the

A

Female and Male Reproductive Systems
female: eggs, ovaries, uterus
male: testes, sperm

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12
Q

The system that supports the body and allows it to move is called the
Includes: muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissue such as cartilage.

A

Musculoskeletal System

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13
Q

The system that carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord is called the

A

Nervous System

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14
Q

The system that controls breathing and includes the trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs is called the

A

Respiratory System

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15
Q

The system that receivers messages from the environment and sends them to the brain and includes the skin, eyes, and ears is called the

A

Skin and Sense Organ Systems (Integumentary)

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16
Q

The system that produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, ad urethra is called the

A

Urinary System

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17
Q

What is a body cavity?

A

A space that contains organs

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18
Q

The cavity that is located in the head and surrounded by the skull and contains the brain is called the

A

Cranial Cavity

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19
Q

The cavity that is also known as the chest cavity that is surrounded by the breastbone and ribs is called the
Includes: lungs, heart, windpipe, and bronchial tubes.

A

Thoracic Cavity

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20
Q

The root word CRANI- means

A

Skull

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21
Q

The root word THORAC- means

A

Chest

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22
Q

The lungs are each surrounded by a double membrane known as the

A

Pleura

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23
Q

The space between the pleura membranes is the

A

Pleural cavity

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24
Q

The large area between the lungs that contain the heart, esophagus, trachea, and bronchial tubes is called the

A

Mediastinum

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25
Q

The space below the thoracic cavity is called the
Includes: stomach, liver, gallbladder, and small and large intestines.

A

Abdominal Cavity

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26
Q

What is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

A

The diaphragm

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27
Q

The organs in the abdomen are covered by a double membrane called the

A

Peritoneum

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28
Q

What does the peritoneum do?

A

Attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place

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29
Q

What area/cavity are the kidneys located?

A

The Retroperitoneal area/cavity

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30
Q

Where is the pelvic cavity?

A

Below the abdominal cavity

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31
Q

What is the pelvic cavity surrounded by?

A

The pelvis (bones of the hip)

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32
Q

The spinal columns are the

A

Backbones

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33
Q

The nervous tissue within the spinal cavity is the

A

Spinal cord

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34
Q

What enters and leaves the spinal cord and carries messages to and from all parts of the body?

A

Nerves

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35
Q

A long row of bones from the neck to the tailbone is the

A

Spinal column

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36
Q

Each bone in the spinal column is called a

A

Vertebra (backbone)
Two or more: Vertebrae

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37
Q

A piece of connective tissue that lies between each backbone is called a

A

Disk (or disc)

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38
Q

A Disk (disc) is composed of

A

Cartilage

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39
Q

How many divisions of the back are there?

A

5

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40
Q

How many bones make up the Cervical (neck) region?

A

7 bones
Abbreviation C1-C7

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41
Q

How many bones make up the Thoracic (chest) region?

A

12 bones
Abbreviation T1-T12

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42
Q

How many bones make up the Lumbar (loin and waist) region?

A

5 bones
Abbreviation L1-L5

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43
Q

How many bones make up the Sacral (sacrum and lower back) region?

A

5 fused bones
Abbreviation S1-S5

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44
Q

How many bones make up the Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region?

A

4 fused bones

45
Q

A vertical plane that divides the body or body part, such as an organ, into front and back portions is the

A

Frontal (coronal) plane

46
Q

Anatomically, the ___ means the front portion.

A

Anterior

47
Q

Anatomically, the ___ means the back portion.

A

Posterior

48
Q

A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and lefts sides is the

A

Sagittal (lateral) plane

49
Q

A vertical plane that divides the body vertically into right and left halves is the

A

Midsagittal plane

50
Q

A horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross section is called

A

Transverse (axial) plane

51
Q

What does MRI stand for?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

52
Q

With MRI, what is used to create the images?

A

Magnetic waves

53
Q

The combining form ABDOMIN/O means

A

Abdomen

54
Q

The term ABDOMINAL means

A

Pertaining to the abdomen

55
Q

The combing form ANTER/O means

A

Front

56
Q

The suffix -IOR means

A

Pertaining to

57
Q

The term ANTERIOR means

A

Pertaining to the front

58
Q

The combing form BRONCH/O means

A

Bronchial tubes (leading from the windpipe to the lungs)

59
Q

The term BRONCHOSCOPY means

A

Visual examination of bronchial tubes

60
Q

The position/direction that is described as: front side

A

Anterior

61
Q

The position/direction that is described as: back side

A

Posterior

62
Q

The position/direction that is described as: below

A

Inferior

63
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Above

A

Superior

64
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Side

A

Lateral

65
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Middle

A

Medial

66
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Far

A

Distal

67
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Near

A

Proximal

68
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Away from the surface

A

Deep

69
Q

The position/direction that is described as: On the surface

A

Superficial

70
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Facing up

A

Supine

71
Q

The position/direction that is described as: Facing Down

A

Prone

72
Q

The combining form CERVIC/O means

A

Neck of the body or neck (cervix) of the uterus

73
Q

The combining form CHONDR/O means

A

Cartilage (connective tissues attached to bones)

74
Q

The term Chrondroma means

A

(Benign) Tumor of cartilage

75
Q

The term Chondrosarcoma means

A

Malignant tumor of cartilage

76
Q

The combining form COCCYG/O means

A

Coccyx, tailbone

77
Q

The suffix -EAL means

A

Pertaining to

78
Q

The term Coccygeal means

A

Pertaining to the coccyx/tailbone

79
Q

The combining form CRANI/O means

A

Skull

80
Q

The term Craniotomy means

A

Incision of the skull

81
Q

The combining form EPITHELI/O means

A

Skin, surface tissue

82
Q

THELI/O actually means

A

Nipple

83
Q

EPI- means

A

Upon

84
Q

The combining form ESOPHAG/O means

A

Esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach

85
Q

The combining form HEPAT/O means

A

Liver

86
Q

The combining form LAPAR/O means

A

Abdomen

87
Q

The combining form LARYNG/O means

A

Larynx (voice box)

88
Q

The combining form LATER/O means

A

Side

89
Q

The suffix -AR means

A

Pertaining to

90
Q

The combining form LUMB/O means

A

Loin (waist)

91
Q

The placement of a needle within the membrane in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to inject or withdraw fluid is a

A

Lumbar puncture (“spinal tap”)

92
Q

The combining form LYMPH/O means

A

Lymph (clear fluid in the tissue spaces and lymph vessels)

93
Q

One type of lymphocyte (B cell) that produces disease-fighting proteins are called

A

Antibodies

94
Q

The combining form MEDIASTIN/O means

A

Mediastinum (space between the lungs)

95
Q

The combining form PELV/O means

A

Pelvis (bones of the hip)

96
Q

The combining form PERITONE/O means

A

Peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs)

97
Q

The fluid that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity that can be due to conditions such as liver disease is called

A

Ascites

98
Q

The combining form PHARYNG/O means

A

Pharynx (throat)

99
Q

The combining form PLEUR/O means

A

Pleura

100
Q

The flap of cartilage in the throat is called the

A

Epiglottis

101
Q

The combining form POSTER/O means

A

Back, behind

102
Q

The combining form RADI/O means

A

X-rays

103
Q

The term radiology means

A

The study of x-rays

104
Q

The combining form SACR/O means

A

Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)

105
Q

The combining form SPIN/O means

A

Spine (backbone)

106
Q

The combining form THORAC/O means

A

Chest

107
Q

The term Thoracotomy means

A

Incision of the chest

108
Q

The combining form TRACHE/O means

A

Trachea (windpipe)

109
Q

The combining form VERTEBR/O means

A

Vertebra (backbone)

Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner (8 decks)

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