Organization Of The Body: Chapter Two Flashcards
Cells grouped together are called
Tissues
Ex: groups of muscle cells are muscle tissues
All parts of the body are composed of individual units called
Cells
Muscle, nerve, epithelial (skin, and lining of internal organs and cavaties), and bone are examples of
Cells
Collections of different tissues working together are
Organs
Groups of organs working together are called the
Systems of the body
How many systems are there in the body?
10/11 Systems
The system that transports blood through the body and includes: heart, blood, blood vessels such as arteries, veins, and capillaries is called the
Circulatory System
The system that transports lymph, which contains Lymphocytes that fight against disease and include lymph vessels and lymph nodes is called the
Lymphatic System
The system that brings food into the body and breaks it down so that it can enter the bloodstream and includes the mouth, stomach, and intestines is called the
Digestive System
The system that is composed of glands that send messages called hormones into the blood and includes thyroid, adrenal, and pituitary glands is called the
Endocrine System
The system that produces the cells that join to from the embryo is called the
Female and Male Reproductive Systems
female: eggs, ovaries, uterus
male: testes, sperm
The system that supports the body and allows it to move is called the
Includes: muscles, bones, joints, and connective tissue such as cartilage.
Musculoskeletal System
The system that carries electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord is called the
Nervous System
The system that controls breathing and includes the trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs is called the
Respiratory System
The system that receivers messages from the environment and sends them to the brain and includes the skin, eyes, and ears is called the
Skin and Sense Organ Systems (Integumentary)
The system that produces urine and sends it out of the body through the kidneys, ureters, bladder, ad urethra is called the
Urinary System
What is a body cavity?
A space that contains organs
The cavity that is located in the head and surrounded by the skull and contains the brain is called the
Cranial Cavity
The cavity that is also known as the chest cavity that is surrounded by the breastbone and ribs is called the
Includes: lungs, heart, windpipe, and bronchial tubes.
Thoracic Cavity
The root word CRANI- means
Skull
The root word THORAC- means
Chest
The lungs are each surrounded by a double membrane known as the
Pleura
The space between the pleura membranes is the
Pleural cavity
The large area between the lungs that contain the heart, esophagus, trachea, and bronchial tubes is called the
Mediastinum
The space below the thoracic cavity is called the
Includes: stomach, liver, gallbladder, and small and large intestines.
Abdominal Cavity
What is the muscle that separates the abdominal and thoracic cavities?
The diaphragm
The organs in the abdomen are covered by a double membrane called the
Peritoneum
What does the peritoneum do?
Attaches the abdominal organs to the abdominal muscles and surrounds each organ to hold it in place
What area/cavity are the kidneys located?
The Retroperitoneal area/cavity
Where is the pelvic cavity?
Below the abdominal cavity
What is the pelvic cavity surrounded by?
The pelvis (bones of the hip)
The spinal columns are the
Backbones
The nervous tissue within the spinal cavity is the
Spinal cord
What enters and leaves the spinal cord and carries messages to and from all parts of the body?
Nerves
A long row of bones from the neck to the tailbone is the
Spinal column
Each bone in the spinal column is called a
Vertebra (backbone)
Two or more: Vertebrae
A piece of connective tissue that lies between each backbone is called a
Disk (or disc)
A Disk (disc) is composed of
Cartilage
How many divisions of the back are there?
5
How many bones make up the Cervical (neck) region?
7 bones
Abbreviation C1-C7
How many bones make up the Thoracic (chest) region?
12 bones
Abbreviation T1-T12
How many bones make up the Lumbar (loin and waist) region?
5 bones
Abbreviation L1-L5
How many bones make up the Sacral (sacrum and lower back) region?
5 fused bones
Abbreviation S1-S5
How many bones make up the Coccygeal (coccyx or tailbone) region?
4 fused bones
A vertical plane that divides the body or body part, such as an organ, into front and back portions is the
Frontal (coronal) plane
Anatomically, the ___ means the front portion.
Anterior
Anatomically, the ___ means the back portion.
Posterior
A vertical plane that divides the body or organ into right and lefts sides is the
Sagittal (lateral) plane
A vertical plane that divides the body vertically into right and left halves is the
Midsagittal plane
A horizontal plane that divides the body or organ into upper and lower portions, as in a cross section is called
Transverse (axial) plane
What does MRI stand for?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
With MRI, what is used to create the images?
Magnetic waves
The combining form ABDOMIN/O means
Abdomen
The term ABDOMINAL means
Pertaining to the abdomen
The combing form ANTER/O means
Front
The suffix -IOR means
Pertaining to
The term ANTERIOR means
Pertaining to the front
The combing form BRONCH/O means
Bronchial tubes (leading from the windpipe to the lungs)
The term BRONCHOSCOPY means
Visual examination of bronchial tubes
The position/direction that is described as: front side
Anterior
The position/direction that is described as: back side
Posterior
The position/direction that is described as: below
Inferior
The position/direction that is described as: Above
Superior
The position/direction that is described as: Side
Lateral
The position/direction that is described as: Middle
Medial
The position/direction that is described as: Far
Distal
The position/direction that is described as: Near
Proximal
The position/direction that is described as: Away from the surface
Deep
The position/direction that is described as: On the surface
Superficial
The position/direction that is described as: Facing up
Supine
The position/direction that is described as: Facing Down
Prone
The combining form CERVIC/O means
Neck of the body or neck (cervix) of the uterus
The combining form CHONDR/O means
Cartilage (connective tissues attached to bones)
The term Chrondroma means
(Benign) Tumor of cartilage
The term Chondrosarcoma means
Malignant tumor of cartilage
The combining form COCCYG/O means
Coccyx, tailbone
The suffix -EAL means
Pertaining to
The term Coccygeal means
Pertaining to the coccyx/tailbone
The combining form CRANI/O means
Skull
The term Craniotomy means
Incision of the skull
The combining form EPITHELI/O means
Skin, surface tissue
THELI/O actually means
Nipple
EPI- means
Upon
The combining form ESOPHAG/O means
Esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach
The combining form HEPAT/O means
Liver
The combining form LAPAR/O means
Abdomen
The combining form LARYNG/O means
Larynx (voice box)
The combining form LATER/O means
Side
The suffix -AR means
Pertaining to
The combining form LUMB/O means
Loin (waist)
The placement of a needle within the membrane in the lumbar region of the spinal cord to inject or withdraw fluid is a
Lumbar puncture (“spinal tap”)
The combining form LYMPH/O means
Lymph (clear fluid in the tissue spaces and lymph vessels)
One type of lymphocyte (B cell) that produces disease-fighting proteins are called
Antibodies
The combining form MEDIASTIN/O means
Mediastinum (space between the lungs)
The combining form PELV/O means
Pelvis (bones of the hip)
The combining form PERITONE/O means
Peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs)
The fluid that accumulates in the peritoneal cavity that can be due to conditions such as liver disease is called
Ascites
The combining form PHARYNG/O means
Pharynx (throat)
The combining form PLEUR/O means
Pleura
The flap of cartilage in the throat is called the
Epiglottis
The combining form POSTER/O means
Back, behind
The combining form RADI/O means
X-rays
The term radiology means
The study of x-rays
The combining form SACR/O means
Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back)
The combining form SPIN/O means
Spine (backbone)
The combining form THORAC/O means
Chest
The term Thoracotomy means
Incision of the chest
The combining form TRACHE/O means
Trachea (windpipe)
The combining form VERTEBR/O means
Vertebra (backbone)