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Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner > Basic Word Structure: Chapter One > Flashcards

Basic Word Structure: Chapter One Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

When you analyze a a medical term, begin at the ___ of the word.

A

end

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2
Q

The ending of a term is called a

A

Suffix

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3
Q

All medical terms contain..

A

Suffixes

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4
Q

The suffix in HEMATOLOGY is

A

-LOGY

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5
Q

The meaning of the suffix -LOGY is

A

Study of

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6
Q

The meaning of the root word HEMAT- is

A

Blood

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7
Q

After you analyze the end of the medical term, look at the

A

Beginning of the term

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8
Q

The root gives the ____ ____ of the term.

A

Essential meaning

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9
Q

The important connector between the root and the suffix is called a..
Hint: the letter has no meaning of its own.

A

Combing vowel
Ex: /o/

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10
Q

HEMATOLOGY means

A

Study of blood

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11
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM is often abbreviated as

A

ECG ( or sometimes EKG)

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12
Q

How many root words does ELECTROCARDIOGRAM have

A

2 root words:
ELECTR-
CARDI-

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13
Q

The suffix -GRAM means

A

Record

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14
Q

The root ELECTR- means

A

Electricity

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15
Q

The root word CARDI- means

A

Heart

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16
Q

What order do you read the meaning of medical terms?

A
  1. The suffix
  2. Back to the beginning of the term
  3. And then across
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17
Q

ELECTROCARDIOGRAM means

A

Record of the electricity in the heart
(It is the electrical current flowing within the heart that causes the heart muscle to contact, pumping blood throughout the body.)

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18
Q

The sound made by the contraction and relaxation of the heart muscle is called

A

The heartbeat

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19
Q

The combining vowel plus the root is called a

A

A combining form
Ex: ELECTR/O and CARDI/O

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20
Q

The two combining forms in the term GASTROENTEROLOGY are

A

GASTR/O and ENTER/O

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21
Q

GASTROENTEROLOGY means

A

The study of the stomach and the intestines.

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22
Q

GASTR- means

A

Stomach

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23
Q

ENTER- means

A

Intestines

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24
Q

GASTROSCOPE means

A

Instrument to visually examine the stomach.

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25
Q

The suffix -SCOPE means

A

Instrument to visually examine

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26
Q

The suffix -IC means

A

Pertaining to

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27
Q

GASTRIC means

A

Pertains to the stomach

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28
Q

The combing vowel (O) is dropped when the suffix begins with a…

A

Vowel
Ex: (-IC)

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29
Q

Words ending in -IC are ____ that modify a ___.

A

Adjectives
Noun
Ex: gastric pain, gastric cancer

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30
Q

CARDI/AC means

A

Pertaining to the heart

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31
Q

The suffix -AC means

A

Pertaining to

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32
Q

Why is the combing vowel (O) dropped in the term CARDIAC?

A

Because the suffix (-AC) begins with a vowel.

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33
Q

The suffix -ITIS means

A

Inflammation

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34
Q

ENTERITIS means

A

Inflammation of the intestines

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35
Q

GASTROENTERITIS means

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

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36
Q

What is the small word part attached/added to the beginning of the term

A

Prefix

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37
Q

The prefix SUB- means

A

Below

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38
Q

SUB/gastr/ic means

A

Pertaining to below the stomach

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39
Q

The prefix TRANS- means

A

Across

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40
Q

TRANS/gastr/ic means

A

Pertaining to across the stomach

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41
Q

The prefix RETRO- means

A

Behind

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42
Q

RETRO/gastr/ic means

A

Pertaining to behind the stomach

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43
Q

ADEN/OMA means

A

tumor/mass in the gland

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44
Q

ADEN/ITIS means

A

inflammation in the gland

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45
Q

ARTHR/ITIS means

A

inflammation in the joint

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46
Q

BI/O/LOGY means

A

the study of life

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47
Q

CARCIN/OMA means

A

tumor/mass that is cancerous

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48
Q

CARDI/O/LOGY means

A

study of the heart

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49
Q

CEPHAL/IC means

A

pertaining to the head

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50
Q

CEREBR/AL means

A

pertaining to the cerebrum (largest part of the brain)

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51
Q

The suffix -AL means

A

Pertaining to

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52
Q

How many functions does the cerebrum have?

A

Ten
- Reading
- Vision
- Hearing
- Writing
- Sensations from body
- Movement
- Eye Movement
- Thought Process
-Smell
- Speech

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53
Q

CERE/O/VASCULAR accident (CVA) means

A

An accident pertaining to blood vessels in the cerebrum (stroke)

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54
Q

The root word CERE- means

A

Cerebrum

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55
Q

The word VASCULAR means

A

Pertaining to blood vessels

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56
Q

What happens in a stroke?

A
  • blood is prevented from reaching areas of the cerebrum
  • brain cells die
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57
Q

Depending on the location and extent of reduced blood flow during a stroke, the 4 signs and symptoms may include

A
  • loss of movement (paralysis),
  • loss of speech (aphasia),
  • weakness,
  • changes in sensation
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58
Q

The root word CYST- means

A

Urinary bladder

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59
Q

The word CYST/O/SCOPE means

A

Instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder

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60
Q

In the male urinary tract, the prostrate gland lies ____ the urinary bladder.

A

Below

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61
Q

What does the prostrate gland do?

A

secretes fluid that combines with sperm to form semen.

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62
Q

Semen leaves the body through the ___ during ejaculation.

A

Urethra

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63
Q

The root word CYT- means

A

Cell

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64
Q

The word CYT/O/LOGY means

A

Study of a cell

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65
Q

The root word DERM- means

A

Skin

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66
Q

The root word DERMAT- means

A

Skin

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67
Q

The word DERM/AL means

A

Pertaining to the skin

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68
Q

The word DERMAT/ITIS means

A

Inflammation of the skin

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69
Q

The root word ENCEPHAL- means

A

Brain

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70
Q

The word ENTER/ITIS means

A

Inflammation in the intestines (often the small intestine)

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71
Q

COL/O and COLON/O are combing forms for the

A

Large intestine (colon)

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72
Q

What is the ELECTR/O/ENCEPHAL/O/GRAM helpful in determining

A

Whether a patient has a seizure disorder, such as epilepsy.

73
Q

The root word ERYTHR- means

A

Red

74
Q

The word ERYTHR/O/CYTE means

A

Blood cell that is red

75
Q

The three major types of blood cells are

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes/Platelets

76
Q

What does the blood cell ERYTHROCYTES do?

A

Carry oxygen

77
Q

What do the blood cells LEUKOCYTES do?

A

Fight disease

78
Q

The suffix -SCOPY means

A

PROCESS of visual examination using an instrument

79
Q

The word GASTR/O/SCOPY means

A

A process of visual examination using an instrument in the stomach

80
Q

The prefix DIA- means

A

Complete

81
Q

The root word -GNOS- means

A

Knowledge

82
Q

The suffix -SIS means

A

State of

83
Q

The word DIA/GNOS/IS means

A

(State of) complete knowledge (that is gained after testing and examining the patient)
OR determination of the nature and cause of disease

84
Q

The plural of diagnosis is

A

Diagnoses

85
Q

The prefix PRO- means

A

Before

86
Q

The word PRO/GNOS/IS means

A

A prediction (before knowledge) that is made after the diagnosis. It forecasts the outcome of treatment based on the diagnosis.

87
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in A ____ the a and add ___.

A

Retain
-e
Ex:
Singular, Plural
vertebra, vertebrae
bursa, bursae

88
Q

What is the singular term meaning of vertebra?

A

Backbone

89
Q

What is the singular term meaning of bursa?

A

Sac of liquid near a joint

90
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in IS ___ the is and add ___.

A

Drop
-es
Ex:
Singular, Plural
diagnosis, diagnoses
psychosis, psychoses

91
Q

What is the singular term meaning of psychosis?

A

Abnormal condition of the mind

92
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in EX or IX ____ the ex/ix and add ____.

A

Drop
-ices
Ex:
Singular, Plural
Apex, apices
Cortex, cortices
Varix, varices

93
Q

What is the singular term meaning of apex?

A

Pointed end of an organ

94
Q

What is the singular term meaning of cortex?

A

Outer part of an organ

95
Q

What is the singular term meaning of varix?

A

Enlarged, swollen vein

96
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in ON ____ the on and add ___.

A

Drop
-a
Ex:
Singular, Plural
Ganglion, ganglia

97
Q

What is the singular term meaning of ganglion?

A

Group of nerve cells; benign cyst near a joint (such as wrist).

98
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in UM ___ the um and add ___.

A

Drop
-a
Ex:
Singular, Plural
Bacterium, bacteria
Ovum, ova

99
Q

What is the singular term meaning of bacterium?

A

Type of one-celled organism

100
Q

What is the singular term meaning of ovum?

A

Egg cell

101
Q

FORMATION OF PLURALS
Words ending in US ____ the us and add ___*.

A

Drop
-i (*exceptions to this rule are viruses and sinuses)
Ex:
Singular, Plural
Bronchus, bronchi
Calculus, calculi

102
Q

What is the singular term meaning of bronchus?

A

Tube leading from the windpipe to the lungs

103
Q

What is the singular term meaning of calculus?

A

Stone

104
Q

The root word GYNEC- means

A

Woman, female

105
Q

The word GYNEC/O/LOGY means

A

The study of female/ woman disorders

106
Q

The suffix -GLOBIN means

A

Protein

107
Q

The word HEM/O/GLOBIN means

A

Protein in red blood cells (erythrocytes) that helps carry oxygen in the blood.

108
Q

The word HEMAT/OMA means

A

Mass/swelling containing blood

109
Q

What does a Gynecologist do?

A

Specializes in diseases of the female reproductive organs.

110
Q

What is SUB/UNGU/AL Hematoma

A

Blood pertaining to below the nail caused by trauma

111
Q

The root word LAPAR- means

A

Abdomen (area between the chest and hips)

112
Q

The suffix -TOMY means

A

Cutting into (incision)

113
Q

The word LAPAR/O/TOMY means

A

Cutting into (incision) the abdomen

114
Q

What does the surgeon do in an exploratory laparotomy?

A

They make a large incision in the abdominal wall to inspect organs for evidence of disease.

115
Q

What is a LAPAROSCOPY ?

A

The process of visual examination of the abdomen using an instrument, using several small incisions for a LAPAROSCOPE.

116
Q

What does the root word LEUK- mean?

A

White

117
Q

The GREEK root word NEPHR- means

A

Kidney

118
Q

The suffix -ECTOMY means

A

Cutting out (removal)- an excision or resection of an organ or other part of the body

119
Q

The word NEPHR/ECTOMY means

A

Removal (cutting out) of the kidney.

120
Q

The root word NEUR- means

A

Nerve

121
Q

The word NEUR/O/LOGY means

A

The study of nerves ( disorders and nervous system)

122
Q

The root word ONC- means

A

Cancerous tumor

123
Q

The word ONCOLOGIST means

A

A specialist that studies cancerous tumors

124
Q

The root word OPHTHALM- means

A

Eye

125
Q

The word OPHTHALM/O/SCOPE is

A

An instrument to visually examine the eye ( both outer and inner areas )

126
Q

The root word OSTE- means

A

Bone

127
Q

The word OSTE/O/ARTHR/ITIS means

A

Inflammation of the bones and joints
(Disease of older people; degenerative changes with the thinking and loss of cartilage. Inflammation of the joint membrane occurs late in the disease)

128
Q

The root word PATH/ means

A

Disease

129
Q

The word PATH/O/LOGIST

A

A doctor who specializes in viewing samples/diseases to make a diagnosis and examines dead bodies (in an autopsy) to determine the cause of death.

130
Q

The root word AUT- means

A

Self

131
Q

The word AUT/OPSY means

A

The process of viewing for yourSELF (own eyes) what caused a patients death

132
Q

The root word PSYCH- means

A

Mind

133
Q

The suffix -OSIS means

A

Abnormal condition

134
Q

The word PSYCH/OSIS means

A

The abnormal condition of the mind

135
Q

The LATIN root word REN- means

A

Kidney

136
Q

The word REN/AL means

A

Pertaining to the kidney

137
Q

Th root word RHIN- means

A

Nose

138
Q

The word RHIN/ITIS means

A

Inflammation of the nose

139
Q

The root word SARC- means

A

Flesh

140
Q

The word SARC/OMA means

A

Cancerous tumor that grows from the flesh

141
Q

The root word THROMB- means

A

Clotting

142
Q

A THROMBUS is

A

A blood clot

143
Q

The word THROMB/O/SIS means

A

The state/condition of forming a blood clot (clotting)

144
Q

The suffix -ALGIA means

A

Condition of pain

145
Q

The suffix -emia means

A

Blood condition

146
Q

The suffix -ia means

A

Condition

147
Q

The root word HYPHER- means

A

Excessive

148
Q

The suffix -ism means

A

Condition, process

149
Q

The word HYPHER/THYROID/ISM means

A

The condition of excessive activity in the thyroid gland

150
Q

The word LEUK/O/CYT/OSIS means

A

The abnormal condition (increase) of white blood cells. It is a response to infection

151
Q

The root word RHEUMAT- means

A

Flow or watery discharge of the joints

152
Q

The word RHEUMAT/O/LOGY means

A

The study of joint diseases

153
Q

The root word UR- means

A

Urinary tract

154
Q

The prefix a-, an- means

A

No, not (decrease)

155
Q

The word AN/EMIA means

A

A blood condition with a decrease in numbers of red blood cells or hemoglobin

156
Q

What is the difference between the root OPS- and the suffix -OPSY?

A

OPS- = viewing
-OPSY = the process of viewing

157
Q

The suffix -METER means

A

Measurement

158
Q

The prefix DYS- means

A

Bad, painful, difficult, abnormal

159
Q

The suffix -Y means

A

Condition or process

160
Q

The word DYS/ENTER/Y means

A

The condition of painful intestines

161
Q

The prefix ENDO- means

A

Within

162
Q

The root CRIN- means

A

To secrete

163
Q

What do ENDO/CRINE glands do?

A

Secrete hormones within the body and into the bloodstream

164
Q

The prefix EXO- means

A

Outside

165
Q

What does the suffix -UM indicate?

A

a structure

166
Q

The ENDO/CARDI/UM is

A

The inner lining (structure) within the heart

167
Q

The root word GLYC- means

A

Sugar

168
Q

The word Mellitus means

A

Sweet

169
Q

The prefix HYPER- means

A

Excessive, too much, more than normal

170
Q

The prefix HYPO- means

A

Below, less than normal, under

171
Q

The prefix PERI- means

A

Surrounding

172
Q

The word PERI/CARDI/UM means

A

Membrane (structure) surrounding the heart

173
Q

The suffix -STATE means

A

Stands

174
Q

The prefix RE- means

A

Back

175
Q

The word RETRO/GASTR/IC means

A

Pertaining to behind the stomach

176
Q

The suffix -SECTION means

A

Cutting into an organ

177
Q

The word RESECTION means

A

Removing some or all of an organ (cutting out)

178
Q

The word TRANSURETHRAL means

A

Pertaining to across the urethra

179
Q

The root word HEPAT- means

A

Liver

Medical Terminology - A Short Course: 8th Edition Davi-Ellen Chabner (8 decks)

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