Organization of the Body Flashcards

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1
Q

cell

A

basic unit of all living things

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2
Q

cytoplasm

A

gel-like fluid inside the cell

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2
Q

cell membrane

A

forms the boundary of the cell

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3
Q

nucleus

A

largest structure within the cell, usually spherical and centrally located. It contains chromosomes for cellular reproduction and is the control center for cellular activity

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4
Q

chromosomes

A

located in the nucleus of the cell. There are 46 chromosomes in all normal human cells, with the exception of mature sex cells, which have 23

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5
Q

genes

A

regions within the chromosome. Each chromosome has several thousand genes that determine hereditary characteristics

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5
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid; comprises each gene; genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell

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6
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that performs a specific function

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6
Q

nervous tissue

A

similarly specialized cells united in the performance of a particular function; found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain. It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities

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6
Q

muscle tissue

A

composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

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7
Q

connective tissue

A

connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat) tissues, osseous (bone) tissues, and blood are types of connective tissue

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7
Q

fibrous tissue

A

a type of connective tissue that provides strength and stability such as in ligaments and tendons

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8
Q

glandular tissue

A

designed to secrete substances such as digestive enzymes

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8
Q

epithelial tissue

A

the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs; and is the major tissue in glands

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9
Q

organ

A

two or more types of tissues that together perform special body functions

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10
Q

viscera

A

large internal organs contained in the body cavities, especially the abdominal cavity

11
Q

system

A

group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions