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KNSS 209: Measurement and Evaluation > Organization of Data > Flashcards

Organization of Data Flashcards

1
Q

Define data.

A

used to describe a set of numbers

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2
Q

Define raw score.

A

used to indicate a measurement of some type for a single studentq

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3
Q

The raw scores make up what we call the ______ for any specific measure.

A

data

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4
Q

When we gather data on a large number of students you find the ______ for each individual may be different.

A

raw score

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5
Q

What is descriptive statistics?

A
  • testing the characteristics and abilities of an individual or group and using this data for evaluation
  • entire group is tested
  • no attempt is made to use their results to predict the characteristics of any larger group
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6
Q

Give an example of descriptive statistics.

A
  • if we tested a group of 15 female soccer players, the results would only apply to that group of 15
  • It would not apply to all female soccer players.
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7
Q

What is inferential statistics?

A

testing the characteristics and abilities of a sample and generalizing about the entire population

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8
Q

Give an example of inferential statistics.

A
  • taking a sample of 25 out of 150 Kinesiology students
  • testing these 25, and then using their results to make predictions or assumptions of the entire group that they would have similar characteristics
  • The sample of 25 would have to be representative of the entire population.
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9
Q

What is empirical research?

A
  • based on observed and measured phenomena

- derives knowledge from actual experience rather than from theory or belief

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10
Q

What is data from empirical research called?

A

empirical data

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11
Q

What are the 4 levels of measurement?

A
  • nominal scale
  • ordinal scale
  • interval scale
  • ratio scale
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12
Q

Describe the nominal scale.

A
  • most simple
  • nom means name
  • uses numbers to describe or name categories
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13
Q

Give an example of the nominal scale.

A
  • in football we use numbers in the 40’s to designate fullbacks, 60’s for guards, 70’s for tackles, 80’s for ends and so on.
  • A player whose number is 96, of course, is not twice as good, or valuable as a player whose number is 43.
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14
Q

Describe the ordinal scale.

A
  • the numbers have a ranked value
  • First place is better than third place, although we may not know by how much
  • cardinal numbers (one, two, three etc.)
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15
Q

Give an example of the ordinal scale.

A
  • the order of finish in a cross country meet

- their place is determined not by their exact time, but by their rank

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16
Q

______ numbers may be used in arithmetic operations, where as ordinal numbers cannot be used logically.

A

cardinal

17
Q

Why is the interval scale better than the ordinal scale?

A

it tells you how much better a person is than another

18
Q

Describe the interval scale.

A
  • measurements have equal intervals
  • interval numbers are cardinal
  • the values within the scale of numbers are equal (equal intervals)
  • rank is implied
  • no true zero point
19
Q

Why are interval numbers cardinal?

A

you could say that one’s increase was twice as much as the other

20
Q

The highest level of measurement is called …

A

the ratio scale

21
Q

Measurements in the category of the ratio scale fall on a scale that has:

A
  • direction
  • equal intervals
  • true zero point
22
Q

In physical education most of our measurements fall into which level of measurement?

A

the ratio scale

23
Q

Because the scale has equal intervals and a true zero…

A

all arithmetic operations are possible (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division) with the data

24
Q

Why is it hard to categorize the level of measurement for HR?

A
  • depends on whether the assumption is made that the person is alive
  • measurement is rate/minute but is measured on a scale that begins at zero (a ratio scale)
  • live humans have a range of a normal heart rate of between 40 - 100 B.P.M. (an interval scale because no living human would have a heart rate of zero).
25
Q

The value for team standing is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ordinal

26
Q

The value for height is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ratio

27
Q

The value for sex is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

nominal

28
Q

The value for tennis serve test is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ratio

29
Q

The value for age is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ratio

30
Q

The value for football position is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

nominal

31
Q

The value for IQ is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

interval

32
Q

The value for temperature is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

interval

33
Q

The value for weight is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ratio

34
Q

The value for basketball free throws is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ratio

35
Q

The value for placing in 100 meter freestyle is (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).

A

ordinal

KNSS 209: Measurement and Evaluation (9 decks)

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