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SF3_3 (Kereen) > Organization of Abdominopelvic Cavity > Flashcards

Organization of Abdominopelvic Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

The fusion of thier visceral peritoneum and mesenteries with the parietal peritoneum of the posterior abdominal wall is called ___________.

A

Fusion fascia

NOTE: This is a relatively avascular plane that can be easily cleft during surgical procedures.

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2
Q

Peritoneum can extend from the body wall to an organ to another organ. This extension is called ___________.

A

Peritoneal reflection

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3
Q

Function of peritoneal reflections

A
  • Support organs and conduct vessels and nerve to organs
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4
Q

_____________ retroperitoneal organs begin embryonic development behind the parietal peritoneum.

A

Primary

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5
Q

_____________ retroperitoneal organs begin development in an “intraperitoneal” condition, but they later become retroperitoneal.

A

Secondary

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6
Q

True or false. Intraperitoneal organs are not within the peritoneal cavity.

A

True

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7
Q

Which organs are secondarily retoperitoneal?

A

Duodenum, pancreas, ascending and descending colons

NOTE: After the interstines return to the abdominal cavity, some portions press against the posterior abdominal wall and their mesenteries fuse with the parietal peritoneum

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8
Q

The dorsal mesentery of the stomach becomes the _____.

A

Greater omentum

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9
Q

Hanging from the greater curvature of the stomach, the greater omentum overlies the _________ and _______.

A

Transverse colon; small intestine

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10
Q

What are the subdivisions of the greater omentum and what organs does each division span between?

A
  • Gastrophrenic ligament
    • ​Stomach to diaphragm
  • Gastrosplenic ligament
    • ​Stomach to spleen
  • Splenorenal ligament
    • ​Spleen to left kidney
  • Gastrocolic ligament
    • ​Stomach to transverse colon
  • Gastrohepatic *
    • ​Stomach to liver
  • Omental apron
    • ​Freely hands from the transverse colon
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11
Q

The ______ is the portion of the greater omentum that freely hangs from the transverse colon.

A

Omental apron

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12
Q

Mesenteries of digestive organs

A
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13
Q

Derivatives of the ventral mesentery of foregut

A
  • Lesser omentum
    • ​Hepatoduodenal ligament
    • Hepatogastric ligament
  • Falciform ligament
  • Visceral peritoneum of the liver
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14
Q

Label

A
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15
Q

The _________ is a double-layered membrane that gives rise to the falciform ligament, connecting liver to anterior abdominal wall, the visceral peritoneum of the liver, and the lesser omentum.

A

Ventral mesentary

NOTE: The ventral mesentary is also known as the ventral mesograstrium

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16
Q

Components of the hepatoduodenal ligament

A
  • Hepatic arteries
  • Portal vein
  • Common bile duct
  • Cystic duct
  • Hepatic duct
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17
Q

_________________ is the passage of communication between the greater sac and the lesser sac.

A

Omental forman (a.k.a epiploic foramen)

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the epiploic foramen?

A
  • Anteriorly- right, free edge of lesser omentum (hepatoduodenal ligament)
  • Posteriorly- Inferior vena cava
  • Superiorly- Caudate lobe of liver
  • Inferiorly- First part of the duodenum
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19
Q

Label

A
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20
Q

Label

A
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21
Q

Label 1, 2 and 3

A
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22
Q

Label

A
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23
Q

The _________________ are spaces between the colon and the abdominal wall.

A

Paracolic gutters

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24
Q

Why are the paracolic gutters clinically important?

A

Allow a passage for infectious fluids from different compartments of the abdomen

25
Q

The hepatorenal recess is also called the ____________

A

Pouch of Morison (or Morison’s pouch)

26
Q

True or false. The hepatorenal recess is filled with fluid in normal conditions.

A

False

NOTE: The hepatorenal recess is not filled with fluid under normal conditions. However, fluid can collect in this space in circumstances where the abdomen fills with fluid, such as hemoperitoneum

27
Q

Digestive glands found in the abdominopervic cavity

A

Spleen

Liver

Gallbladder

Pancrease

28
Q

Components of the foregut

A

Oral cavity- 2nd part of duodenum

29
Q

Components of the midgut

A

2nd part of the duodenum- left colic flexure

30
Q

Components of the hindgut

A

Left colic flexure- rectum

31
Q

Branches of the celiac trunk

A
  • left gastric a.
  • splenic a.
    • short gastric arteries (6)
    • splenic arteries (6)
    • left gastroepiploic a.
    • pancreatic arteries
  • common hepatic a.
    • right gastric a.
    • gastroduodenal a.
      • right gastroepiploic a.
      • superior pancreaticoduodenal a.
    • right hepatic a.
    • left hepatic a.
32
Q

Major branches of the abdominal aorta

A
  • Celiac trunk
  • Superior mesenteric arteries
  • Inferior Mesenteric arteries
33
Q

Branches of the superior mesenteric arteries

A
  • inferior pancreaticoduodenal a.
  • jejunal and ileal arteries
  • middle colic a.
  • right colic a.
  • ileocolic a
    • anterior cecal a.
    • posterior cecal a. – appendicular a.
    • ileal a.
    • Appendicular artery
34
Q

Branches of the inferior mesenteric arteries

A
  • left colic a.
  • sigmoid arteries (2 or 3)
  • superior rectal a.
35
Q

Digestion in the stomach

A
  • Holds ingested food
  • Degrades this food both physically and chemically
  • Delivers chyme to the small intestine
  • Enzymatically digests proteins with pepsin
  • Secretes intristic factor required for absorption of vitaman B12
36
Q

Innervation and blood supply of the stomach

A

Innervation: Sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers of the autonomic nervous system

Blood supply: Celiac trunk and corresponding veins

37
Q

Upper GI Disorders

A
38
Q

Parts of the Duodenum

A
  • Superior part
  • Descending part
  • Inferior part
  • Ascending part
39
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

A narrowing of the opening from the stomach to the first part of the small intestine (the pylorus)

NOTE: Pyloric stenosis is uncommon, but is a cause for “projectile” vomiting in an infant about 3 to 6 weeks of age. Males are affected more than females

40
Q

Blood supply to the jejunum and ileum

A

Vasa recta

Arterial arcades

41
Q

Colic flexures

A

Right colic flexure (hepatic flexure)

  • sharp bend between the ascending colon and the transverse colon
  • Receives blood supply from the superior mesenteric artery.

Left colic flexure (splenic flexure)

  • sharp bend between the transverse colon and the descending colon.
  • watershed region as it receives dual blood supply from the terminal branches of the superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery
    • thus making it prone to ischemic damage in cases of low blood pressure because it does not have its own primary source of blood.
42
Q

Meckel’s Diverticulum

A
  • Most common congenital abnormality of the same intestine
  • Caused by an incomplete obliteration of the vitelline duct
43
Q

What is another name for the vitelline duct?

A

Omphalomesenteric duct

44
Q

The peritoneam of the liver is a derivative of the ___________.

A

Ventral mesentary of foregut

45
Q

What are the components of the peritoneum of the liver?

A
  • Falciform ligament
  • Cortonary ligament
    • Superior leaf
    • Inferior leaf
    • Hepatorenal ligament
    • Right triangular ligament
    • Left triangular ligament
  • Lesser Omentum
    • Hepatogastric ligament
    • Hepatoduodenal ligament
46
Q

Liver formation

A
  1. As the hepatic diverticulum branches into ventral mesentery to form the biliary tree, it extends cranially into the septum transversum
    1. ​​​A layer of tissue between the heart and the midgut that forms part of the diaphragm
  2. The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum, which divides within it to form the liver and this gives rise to the ventral mesentary of the foregut

REMEMBER: The ventral mesentery is precursor to the lesser omentum, the visceral peritoneum of the liver and the falciform ligament

47
Q

The connective tissuem or stroma, of the liver develops from the _____________.

A

Septum transversum

48
Q

Portacaval anastomoses

A
  • Esophageal
  • Paraumbilical
  • Retroperitoneal
  • Rectal
49
Q

Label

A
50
Q

Veins of abdomical cavity

A
51
Q

Portosystemic anastomoses

A
  • Lower oesophagus
    • ​Portal: Oesophageal branches of left gastric veins
    • Systemic: Azygos veins
  • Upper anal canal
    • ​Portal: Superior rectal vein
    • Systemic: Middle/ inferior rectal veins
  • ​Umbilical
    • ​Portal: Veins of ligamentum teres
    • Systemic: Superior/ Inferior epigastric veins
  • Bare area of liver
    • ​Portal: Hepatic/portal veins
    • Systemic: Infeior phrenic veins
  • Patent ductus venosus
    • ​Portal: Left branch of portal vein
    • Systemic: Inferior vena cava
  • Retroperitoneal
    • ​Portal: Colonic veins
    • Systemic: Body wall of veins
52
Q

Caput medusa veins

A

A cutaneous manifestation of increased portal venous pressure that is a sign of severe portal hypertension

53
Q

How can caput medusa be treated?

A

Managing the underlying medical condition, which is most likey cirrhosis or liver cancer

54
Q

How are caput medusa veins formed?

A
  • Due to shunting of blood from liver circulation to the systemic circulation via the veins surrounding the umbilicus
  • Increased liver pressures force the blood to drain through a new route via the paraumbilical veins
    • The paraumbilical veins are not naturally equipped to receive such high volumes of blood so they become distended and engorged forming a sunburst pattern of vessels radiating around the umbilicus
55
Q

Visceral pain, mediated by ___________, results from increased intraluminal pressure and distention caused sudden calculous obstruction of cystic or common duct.

A

Splanchnic nerve

56
Q

Exocrine function of the kidneys

A
  • Secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down all categories of foodstuff
  • Acini (clusters of secretory cells) contain zymogen granules with digestive enzymes
57
Q

Endocrine function of the pancreas

A

Release of insulin and glucagon

58
Q

Role of the spleen

A
  • Synthesizes antibodies in its white pulp
  • Removes antibody-coated bacteria along with antibody-coated blood cells by way of blood and lymph node circulation
  • Removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood in case of hemorrhagic shock
  • Recycles iron

NOTE: The spleen is a secondary lymphoid organ, but does not have lymph nodes, just nodules

59
Q

What are the components of the peritoneum of the spleen?

A
  • Gastrosplenic ligament
  • Lienorenal (splenorenal) ligament
  • Phrenicocolic ligament

NOTE: The spleen develops within the dorsal mesentery of foregut, so it is embedded within the greater omentum, and its adult derivative.

SF3_3 (Kereen) (14 decks)

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