Organization As Natural System Flashcards
Emerged in the 1930’s in response to rational system approaches to organization.
Natural system
Theorist of natural system who propose that some of the difference were due to the experience and background of the researchers themselves.
Lawrence and Lorsch (1967)
Who are the rational theorists?
Fayol
Mooney
Urwick
Taylor
The Natural theorists
Mayo
Roethlisberger
Selznick
McGregor
Parson
Bernard
Two major differences between rational and natural syatems.
- Goal Complexity
- Informal structure
Natural theorists note the behavior often at odds with stated organizational goals, the real goal are different from the professed one.
Goal Complexity
He states that “ organization, according to his model, strives to survive and to maintain its equilibrium, and this striving may persist event aftes it’s explicitly held goals have been successfully attained.”
Gouldner
Natural theorists : Organic Model
Rational Theorists:
Mechanical Conception Organizations
The four main schools in natural system perspective.
- Mayo and the Human Relations School
- Barnard’s Conception of Cooperation
- Selznick’s Institutional Approach
- Parson’s Social System Model
The famous Hawthorne studies from the basic of the human relations school, and are described by Roethlisberger and Dickson (1939) and Mayo (1945) and Homan’s (1950).
Mayo and the Human Relations School
Came from the Taylor tradition, and we’re studying fatique to optimize the length and spacing of rest period for maximum productivity.
Mayo and Roethlisberger
He summarize that “ Change is interesting, attention is gratifying”
Scott
Was a former president of New Jersey bell Telephone who wrote the functions of the executive (1938).
Chester I. Barnard
Barnard define the organization as “that kind of Cooperation among men that is _____, _____, ______”.
Conscious
Deliberate
Purposeful
Was a student of Merton’s at Columbia and was also a founder of institutional theory.
Philip Selznick
