Organization and structure of data Flashcards
what is the denary system
it is a number system with a base value of 10. it counts in multiples of ten
what is the binary system
a number system with a base of 2 it counts in the multiples of 2
define bit
the unit of memory that is used to store a binary digit
define nibble
the unit of memory that is used to store 4 binary digits
what is an overflow error
an error that occurs when the maximum storage capacity of a register is exceeded
what is a character set
it is a complete set of all characters along with their codes
how many bits represent a character in ASCII code
7
how many different characters are represented in ASCII code
127
how many bits represent a character in extended ASCII code
8
How many different characters are represented in Extended ASCII code
256
How many different characters are represented in Unicode
several billions of characters
How many bits represent a character in Unicode
8 - 32
Which of the these is the industrial standard for encoding characters: ASCII, extended ASCII, Unicode
Unicode
True or False: ASCII codes also represent characters used in European languages
False. ASCII codes represent characters used in English only
True or False: Extended ASCII codes also represent characters used in European languages
True
True or False: ASCII codes for the characters and symbols remain unchanged in Unicode
True
True or False: Unicode allocates character codes for English and European languages only
False. Unicode allocates character codes for languages all over the world
What is data structure
A collection of data structured together in a specific format is called a data structure
Why are variables not enough for real-life programming
Real-life programs need to handle tens of thousands of pieces of data. To handle large amounts of data, it is impossible to store each piece of data in a separate variable
List a few types of data structures
Linear and non-linear
Homogenous and non-homogenous
Static and dynamic
State a few characteristics of arrays
Arrays are linear, homogenous and static data structures
True or False: All the data elements in an array should be of the same data type
True
What programming structure is used to input and output data in arrays
Iteration
What is an analogue signal
Information in the form of continuous varying data is an analogue signal
What is sampling
Sampling is the process that converts analogue sound into discrete digital data that can be stored in a computer
What factors affect the audio quality of digital sound
Sampling rate, bit depth
and bit rate
What is a sampling rate
The sampling rate is the number of samples taken per second
True or false: The higher the sampling rate, the higher the sound detail
True
What is bit depth
Bit depth is the number of bits available for each sample
What is PCM
PCM is the process for digitizing a sound file and creating an uncompressed file
What is a bit rate
Bit rate is the number of bits of data used to store data sampled every second
How is the bit rate calculated
Bit rate=Sampling rate × bit depth × channels
True or False: The more the bit rate the higher the file size
True
How is a file size of an audio file calculated
File size (bits) =bit rate× number of seconds
What are vectors
A type of image that uses coordinates and geometrical shapes such as lines and curves to define an image
What happens to image quality when vectors are scaled
Image quality is not lost
How are vector images displaye
A vector image is rasterised or converted to a grid of pixels for display
What is colour depth
Colour depth is the number of bits used to indicate different colours of a pixel
True or False: With the increase in colour depth, the size of the file decreases
False. With the increase in colour depth, the size of the file also increases
What is resolution
Resolution is the number of pixels or dots in a unit
