Organization And Functions Of The Nervous System

Question 1

Nervous System

Answer 1

The system in the body that controls internal functions of the body and receives, interprets, and responds to stimuli.

Question 2

Central Nervous System

Answer 2

Brain and Spinal Cord

•Brain develops from a hollow tubular structure

• upper tube develops into: Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain
• 3 weeks all equal size
• 11 weeks forebrain is largest
• lower tube becomes the spinal cord

Question 3

Gyrus

Answer 3

Ridges on cerebral cortex

Question 4

Sulcus

Answer 4

Space b/t two gyro called fissure when large

Question 5

Grey matter

Answer 5

Major component of CNS made up of neuronal cell bodies

Question 6

White Matter

Answer 6

Fiber tracts that send signals b/t neurons (connections/axons)

Question 7

Directional Terminology

Answer 7

Dorsal (Superior)-top
Ventral (Inferior)- under 
Rostral (Anterior)- front
Caudal (Posterior)- back
Medial (middle)
Lateral (sides)
Ipsilateral (same)- pathway
Contralateral (crossover)-pathway

Question 8

Hindbrain

Answer 8

• Medulla- basic body regulatory functions
• Pons- sleep, attention, muscle tone
• Cerebellum- balance, coordination, timing, alcohol shuts it down, cannot initiate movement on its own

Question 9

Midbrain

Answer 9

• Substantial Nigra- involved in movement (dark substances)
• Superior Colliculus- visual System
• Inferior Colliculus- auditory System

Question 10

Forebrain

Answer 10

•Thalamus- relays sensory info to the cortex (except smell)
•Hypothalamus- involved sleep, eating behaviors, and control body temp
4 F’s: Fight, Flight, Food, and forenication
•Pituitary Gland- produces and controls hormones
•Limbic System- involved in emotion and memory
•Basal Ganglia- movement initiation (auto-pilot)

Question 11

Ventricles

Answer 11

Filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 12

Cerebral Cortex

Answer 12

6 layers
•Occipital Lobe- visual processing 
•Parietal Lobe- proprioception, memory
•Temporal Lobe- memory, emotion, hearing
•Frontal Lobe- movement, memory, personality, executive function

Question 13

Broca’s Area

Answer 13

• Area of the brain that translates thoughts into speech or sign
• Damage affects ability to talk but understanding spoken or written language is not affected
• “talking” area

Question 14

Wernicke’s Area

Answer 14

• Area of the brain that processes what others are saying
• Damage affects comprehension of speech but speech is hardly affected
• “Listening” Area

Question 15

Meninges

Answer 15

3 layers:
•Dura
•Arachnoid
•Pia

Question 16

Blood-Brain Barrier

Answer 16

Protective layer of endothelial cells b/t the blood and the brain