Organization~ Flashcards
Deductive
Definition:
a rhetorical device and a way to build a successful argument
Example #1:
Premise 1: If it rains, it means that the sky is cloudy. Premise 2: There is not any cloud in the sky. Conclusion: Therefore, it means that it is raining.
Example #2:
“All spiders have eight legs. A tarantula is a spider. Therefore, tarantulas have eight legs.”
Inductive
Definition:
a method of reasoning that moves from specific instances to a general conclusion
Example #1:
I got coffee once at the café and it was horrible, so all of their coffee must be terrible.
Example #2:
This winter is colder than ever, therefore global warming must not be real.
Idea/Example
Definition:
idea: a thought or suggestion as to a possible course of action
example: a thing characteristic of its kind or illustrating a general rule
Example #1:
We should do a bake sale!
Example #2:
We should make pastries like cupcakes, cookies, and brownie.
Cause/Effect
Definition:
cause: a person or thing that gives rise to an action, phenomenon, or condition
effect: a change which is a result or consequence of an action or other cause
Example #1:
Cause: I flipped the light switch. Effect: The light came on.
Example #2:
Cause: An oil spill causes crude oil to spill into the water. Effect: Many plants and animals in the water died.
Description
Definition:
a rhetorical strategy using sensory details to portray a person, place, or thing
Example #1:
The sunset filled the entire sky with the deep color of rubies, setting the clouds ablaze.
Example #2:
The waves crashed and danced along the shore, moving up and down in a graceful and gentle rhythm like they were dancing.
Process Analysis
Definition: a systematic review of all steps and procedures followed to perform a given activity Example #1: A recipe for food. Example #2: A pattern for crocheting.
Narration
Definition:
a rhetorical mode used to tell a story and describe a scene
Example #1:
David said, “You need to repair the car.”
Example #2:
Mary said, “I used to love dancing.”
Comparison/Contrast
Definition:
discusses the similarities and differences of two or more things: ideas, concepts, items, places, etc.
Example #1:
Red Delicious apples are sweet, while Granny Smiths are tart and acidic.
Example #2:
Black is the opposite of white, and so there’s a contrast between black ink and white paper.
Exposition
Definition:
a literary device that is meant to relay background information about a main character, setting, event or other element of the narrative
Example #1:
“You know who I’m talking about: Betty, the one who used to work at the library and always wears her hair in a bun.”
Example #2:
“My day was terrible. First, some guy spilled coffee at me at Starbucks.
Persuasion
Definition:
good at persuading someone to do or believe something through reasoning or the use of temptation
Example #1:
A teenager attempting to convince her parents that she needs to be able to stay out until 11pm instead of 10pm
Example #2:
A student council president trying to convince school administrators to allow the students to have a dance after the final football game of the season.
Repetition
Definition:
device that involves intentionally using a word or phrase for effect, two or more times in a speech or written work
Example #1:
“I have a dream that my four little children will […] I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia […] I have a dream today!”
Example #2:
Think and wonder, wonder and think (Dr. Seuss)
Syllogism
Definition:
a type of deductive reasoning that presents a major premise and a minor premise to guide the reader towards a valid conclusion
Example #1:
“All mammals are animals. All elephants are mammals. Therefore, all elephants are animals.”
Example #2:
Major premise: Katie is smart. Minor premise: Because she is smart, Katie will get good grades. Conclusion: If Katie is smart, then she will get into a good college.
