Logical Fallacies~

Question 1

Generalized

Answer 1

Definition:
a general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases
Example #1:
Every salesperson lies to make more money on a sale.
Example #2:
All cats are meaner than dogs.

Question 2

Begging the Question

Answer 2

Definition:
(of a fact or action) raise a question or point that has not been dealt with; invite an obvious question.
Example #1:
Jane is an intelligent, insightful, well-educated and personable individual, which begs the question: why does she stay at that dead-end job?
Example #2:
Global warming does not exist because the Earth is not getting warmer.

Question 3

Ad hominem

Answer 3

Definition:
(of an argument or reaction) directed against a person rather than the position they are maintaining.
Example #1:
A lawyer who argues that his client should not be held responsible for theft because he is poor.
Example #2:
A mother who tells the pediatrician that she doesn’t trust his judgment because he’s never been a mother.

Question 4

Non-sequitur

Answer 4

Definition:
a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement
Example #1:
Marilyn drives a Mercedes. Marilyn must be wealthy.
Example #2:
Joe works at a coffee shop, he must like coffee.

Question 5

Red Herring

Answer 5

Definition:
irrelevant information is presented alongside relevant information, distracting attention from that relevant information
Example #1:
“You’re right, that toy in the toy shop looks really fun. Let’s go home and see what fun toys we have there!”
Example #2:
A mother stating to her child that she will let them go to the ice cream shop after going to the dentist.