Organisms have specialsed structures to obtain nutrients

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

make own food through photosynthesis (plants, algae, some bacteria

Question 2

Heterotophs

Answer 2

get energy by consuming other organisms (animals, some microbes)

Question 3

Photosynthesis

Answer 3

Carbon dioxide + Water—–light&chlorophyll——glucose& Oxygen

Question 4

Why is photosynthesis important in ecosystems?

Answer 4

Enables light energy to be stored as chemial energy in plants.
Allows heterotrophs to get energy

Question 5

How do water & minerals enter plant?

Answer 5

Through roothair cells (they have extensions to increase SA & efficiency)

Question 6

How do water & minerals enter root hair cells?

Answer 6

Osmosis. 
Required minerals (calcium,magnesium, iron, zince etc) actively transported

Question 7

Incisors

Answer 7

sharp front teeth for cutting

Question 8

Canines

Answer 8

pointy teeth, for tearing flesh

Question 9

Molars

Answer 9

flat teeth for grinding up food

Question 10

What teeth do herbivores mainly have?

Answer 10

incisors and molars

Question 11

What teeth do carnivores mainly have?

Answer 11

canines

Question 12

What do teeth do?

Answer 12

Increase SA of food, increases digestive enzymes on food.

Question 13

what is difference between chemical composition of herbivore and carnivore’s diet?

Answer 13

herbivore=eats plant material (mainly cellulose)means diet is largly made of carbs

Carnivore=muscle, bone, hair & intestines of prey. May eat some plants in guts. Food is mainly (protein and fat)

Question 14

what is dif between length & overall complexity of vertebrate herbivore and vertibrate carnivore?

Answer 14

Vertebrate herbivore has longer more complex digestive system than vertebrate carnivore.

Question 15

what is relationship between length and complexity of digesive system of vert herbivore in diet?

Answer 15

Cellulose is hard to digest and needs certain bacteria in gut to do so. The food needs to be chewed much more and more time for digestion so a longer more complex digestive system is needed.

Question 16

what is relationship between length and complexity of digesive system of vert carnivore in diet?

Answer 16

Protein easy to digest, so carnivores have shorter, simpler digestive system. It is easily broken down by enzymes with acid from stomach.
Fats are emulsified by bile to help digestion adn absorption

Question 17

What are main features of diegstive system of nectar feeding mammal?

Answer 17

Modified mouth and tongue form channel to help swallow nectar.

Long, strong tongue with projections to increase SA

Diverticulum (section off long stomach) to store nectar

No caecum

Question 18

What are main features of diegstive system of grazing herbivorous mammal?

Answer 18

Incisors to break off plants

Molars to crush and grind food (increasing SA)

Grass feremnts in extended system of stomachs and enlarged caecum

Food is first swallowed in rumen and passed into reticulum. Then regurgitated into cud adn further chewed. Then reswallowed into omasum and then moves in abomasum.
In 4th chamber gastric juices secreted. Before this point, bacteria and protozoa have fermented food so it can be digested

Question 19

What are main features of diegstive system of carnivorous mammal?

Answer 19

Canines to tear and rip food for action of gastric juices in stomach
Dogs have single stomach and shortened small intestine