Cell Organelles and Structures Flashcards
What is a cell wall and what it is made of?
an organelle that provides a structure for the cell and organism. It is made of cellulose
What do cell walls provide to a plant cell?
structure for the cell and organism and support as a result (no skeleton)
Where are cell walls found?
plants, algae, fungi and most bacteria
What does the nucleus contain?
DNA, nucleolus, and ribosomes.
What does DNA do?
Gives information about the production of proteins.
What does the nucleolus do and where is this found in the nucleus?
found in the nucleus. Makes ribosomes
What is the nucleus responsible for?
Heredity
In proportion to the other organelles, how large is it?
The largest, (if there are no vacuoles).
What are chloroplasts?
the site where photosynthesis occurs. The are green because they contain chloropyll. Chloroplasts store energy.
What is photosynthesis?
A chemical reaction where water and CO2 using light, produce glucose and oxygen. oxygen is a waste product
What are vacuoles?
Storage sites for food, water and wastes. They are usually found in plant cells.
What is the size of a vacuole compared to the other organelles
It is the largest
what is the nucleolus?
It is found in the nucleus and makes ribosomes.
What are the mitochondria?
organelles that release energy from food (respiration reaction). Some muscle cells have 20 000 mitochondria.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
A series of folded membranes that allow movement and the synthesis of proteins.
What are smooth ER?
ribosomes not attached to ER
What are rough ER
ribosomes attached to ER
What do ribosomes do?
Synthesise (make) proteins (by sticking ‘bits’ together)
How do ribosomes behave?
They perform freely or are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Where are ribosomes made?
In the nucleus.
What role do lysosomes play?
Lysosomes digest things, including food, they can break down worn out organelles or destroy viruses and bacteria.
What sorts and packages proteins for transport within or outside the cell?
Golgi bodies.
What do Golgi bodies look like?
stacked flattened membranes (pancakes maybe)
What can protein be?
structures, enzymes / hormones
What can proteins do?
Build and control things.
What is cell division called?
mitosis
Where does it divide from?
the nucleus
Who created the cell theory?
Robert Hooke and Robert Browne
What is the cell theory?
- All living organisms are composed of at least one cell.
- The cell is basic unit of structure / organisation.
- Cells come from pre-existing cells.
What is some evidence to support cell theory?
Light microscopes allowed first cells to be observed. When technology (better resolution and magnification)improved, nuclei were observed and eventually cell division could be seen.
Why do plants( lettuce) wilt?
water lost in cells causing the cell membrane to detract from the cell wall.
