Organisms and Evolution

Question 1

Sampling should be carried out in a manner that…

Answer 1

minimises impact on wild species and
habitats

Question 2

Consideration must be given to…

Answer 2

rare and vulnerable species and habitats that are protected
by legislation

Question 3

The chosen technique, point count, transect or remote detection must be

Answer 3

appropriate to
the species being sampled

Question 4

Quadrats

Answer 4

of suitable size and shape, or transects are used for plants and other sessile or
slow-moving organisms

Question 5

mobile species capture techniques…

Answer 5

Traps and nets

Question 6

Elusive species can be sampled directly using

Answer 6

camera traps or an indirect method, such as
scat sampling

Question 7

Identification of an organism in a sample can be made using…

Answer 7

classification guides,
biological keys, or analysis of DNA or protein

Question 8

Organisms can be classified by…

Answer 8

both taxonomy and phylogenetics

Question 9

Taxonomy

Answer 9

involves the identification and naming of organisms and their classification into
groups based on shared characteristics

Question 10

Phylogenetics

Answer 10

is the study of the evolutionary history and relationships among individuals
or groups of organisms

Question 11

Phylogenetics is changing…

Answer 11

the traditional classification of many organisms

Question 12

Familiarity with taxonomic groupings allows…

Answer 12

predictions and inferences to be made about
the biology of an organism from better-known (model) organisms

Question 13

Model organisms are those that..

Answer 13

are either easily studied or have been well studied

Question 14

indicator species

Answer 14

Presence, absence or abundance of indicator species can give information of
environmental qualities, such as presence of a pollutant

Question 15

Susceptible and favoured species can be used to…

Answer 15

monitor an ecosystem

Question 16

Methods of marking animals

Answer 16

banding, tagging, surgical implantation, painting and
hair clipping

Question 17

The method of marking and subsequent observation must minimise the…

Answer 17

impact on the
study species

Question 18

Some of the measurements used to quantify animal behaviour are…

Answer 18

latency, frequency and
duration

Question 19

ethogram

Answer 19

behaviours shown by a species in a wild context allows the
construction of time budgets

Question 20

anthropomorphism

Answer 20

needs to be avoided as this can lead to invalid conclusions

Question 21

Evolution

Answer 21

is the change over time in the proportion of individuals in a population differing in
one or more inherited traits

Question 22

During evolution

Answer 22

changes in allele frequency occur through the non-random processes of
natural selection and sexual selection, and the random process of genetic drift

Question 23

Natural selection

Answer 23

acts on genetic variation in populations

Question 24

Populations produce

Answer 24

more offspring than the environment can support

Question 25

Individuals with variations that are better suited to their environment tend

Answer 25

to survive longer
and produce more offspring, breeding to pass on those alleles that conferred an advantage
to the next generation

Question 26

Sexual selection

Answer 26

is the non-random process involving the selection of alleles that increase
the individual’s chances of mating and producing offspring

Question 27

Sexual selection may lead to

Answer 27

sexual dimorphism

Question 28

Sexual selection can be due to

Answer 28

male-male rivalry and female choice

Question 29

Genetic drift occurs when

Answer 29

chance events cause unpredictable fluctuations in allele
frequencies from one generation to the next