Investigative Biology Flashcards
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What is the scientific cycle?
observation; construction of a testable hypothesis; experimental design;
gathering, recording, and analysis of data; evaluation of results and conclusions; the
formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary
What is a null hypothesis?
proposes that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result
of the experiment treatment. If there is evidence for an effect, unlikely due to chance, then the null hypothesis is
rejected
Scientific ideas only become accepted once they have been…
checked independently
Publishing of method, data, analysis and conclusions
allows repeats. Can be done via seminars, posters, talks and journals
Peer review
Experts in the field assess quality and make recommendations.
Review articles
summarises current knowledge and new findings
Media
Increases public understanding but can misrepresent findings.
3 R’s of ethics in animals
Reduce, replace, refine
RIC of ethics in humans
Right to withdraw, informed consent, confidentiality
What are scientific ethics influenced by?
regulation, legislation, policy and funding
Pilot study
Used to plan procedures, assess validity and to check techniques, then to evaluate and modify. ensures range of values for IV and repeats needed.
Confounding variables
not IV but affects the DV. Must be constant, if not possible then random block design is used
In vivo
Whole, living organism. expensive. study of complex interactions. only correlation
In vitro
Outside living cells (in cells, proteins in solution or purified organelles) CV’s controlled, both correlation and causation and is also cheaper.
Representative sample
avoids selection bias (selection in non-random way), more variable population, same mean as population
RSS types of sampling
Random: equal chances of being selected
Systematic: sampled at regular intervals
Stratified: divided into categories sampled proportionately
Presentation of Data: Discrete
qualitative - subjective and descriptive
Presentation of Data: continuous
quantitative - objective and numerical
Error bars
indicate variability of data around mean
