Organisation of the Organism

Question 1

4 Features of eukaryotic cells that are not visible in light microscope

Answer 1

RM RV

Ribosomes
Mitochondria
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Vesicles

Question 2

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 2

are tiny structures that can be free within the cytoplasm or attached to a system of membranes within the cell known as Endoplasmic Reticulum

site of protien production in photosynthesis

Question 3

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Answer 3

RER is studded with ribosomes and is involved in producing and transporting proteins.

Endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes looks rough under the microscope; this gives rise to its name of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 4

Functions of Mitochondria

Answer 4

Powerhouse of the cell - Produces energy in the form of ATP by carrying out aerobic respiration

Mitochondria (singular: mitochondrion) are organelles found throughout the cytoplasm

Question 5

Function of Vesicles

Answer 5

Transport substances within the cell

can also be seen using a higher magnification – these are small circular structures found moving throughout the cytoplasm

Question 6

A very metabolically active cell is supposed to contain lots of __________

Answer 6

Mitochondria

Question 7

What kind of cells have more MER and Mitochondria

Answer 7

Almost all cells except prokaryotic cells like bacteria

Question 8

2 Functions of Nucleus

Answer 8

Contains the genetic material in chromosome which controls how cells grow and work.
Controls Cell division

Question 9

Functions of Cytoplasm

Answer 9

Supports Cell Structure
Site of many chemical reactions
Contains water and many solutes

Question 10

3 Organelles found only in plant cells

Answer 10

CPC

Cellulose Cellwall
Permanent Vacuole
Chloroplasts

Question 11

Function of Cell Wall

Answer 11

Gives extra support and defines shape

Question 12

Function of permament Vacuole

Answer 12

Contain Cell sap
Used for storage of certain materials
Also helps for the support of the shape of cells

Question 13

Function of Chloroplasts

Answer 13

Site of photosynthesis, providing food for plants

Chlorophyll pigments absorb light energy needed for the reaction to occur

Question 14

Ciliated Epithelial Cells

Answer 14

They waft away the dirt and debirs up to the throat where it can be swallowed

Question 15

How are the epithelial cells adapted to their function

Answer 15

Extentions of the cytoplasm at the surface of the cell form hair like structures called the cilia which beat to move mucus and trapped particles to the throat

Question 16

Function of root hair cells

Answer 16

Increases teh surface of the cell to ensure maximum absorption of water and mineral ions

Walls are thin to ensure water moves through quickly

No chloroplasts are present

Question 17

Root hair cell adaptation

Answer 17

Lot of mitochondria to provide energy for ATP

Long extension to maximise the surface area available for uptake

Question 18

Function of Xylem vessels

Answer 18

Conduct water through the plant and support the plant

Question 19

Xylem Adaptation

Answer 19

No top and bottom walls so that there is continuous column of water running through them

Cells are dead with organelles or cytoplasm to allow free passage of water

Their walls are thickened with with substance calls LIGNIN which means that they are able to support the plant

Question 20

Function of Palisade Mesophyll Cells

Answer 20

Absorb light and carry on with photosynthesis

Question 21

How are palisade mesophyll cells adapted

Answer 21

1. Contains lots of chlroplasts
2. Thin and tall so that many can be packed
3. Large vacuoles push chloroplasts to outside of cell
4. Thin cell wall to minimise diffusion distance

Question 22

Function of red blood cells

Answer 22

Transportation of oxygen

Question 23

How are red blood cells adapted

Answer 23

Biconclave shape to increase surface area
No nucleaus, so there is more room for haemoglobin
Contains which joins with oxygen to to transport it.

Question 24

Function of Nerve cells

Answer 24

Conduction of impluses

Question 25

Nerve cells adaptation

Answer 25

Long cells so that they can from and to different parts of the body.
Thin to transmit the signals faster
Covered with myelin sheaths to speed up transmission
Has extension and branches so that once cell can connect with many other

Question 26

Function of Sperm Cell

Answer 26

To travel to, penetrate and and fertilise the egg

Question 27

Sperm Cell adaptation

Answer 27

The head contains genetic material for fertilisation in HAPLOID NUCLEUS
The ACROSOME in the head contains digestive enzymes so that the sperm penetrate the egg
Mid Piece is filled with mitochondria to release energy to help it swim and fertilise
The tail enables it to swim

Question 28

Function of Egg Cell

Answer 28

To fuse with the sperm for reproduction

Question 29

Adaptation of Egg Cell

Answer 29

HAPLOID Nucleus so that after pairing with the sperm it produces diploid organism
Lots of cytoplasm to provide nutrients for the growth of early embryos
Cell membrane changes after fertilisation, so that another sperm cannot enter.

Question 30

Define Tissue

Answer 30

Groups of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function

Question 31

Define organ

Answer 31

Made from different tissues working together to perform specific funtions

Question 32

Define Organ Systems

Answer 32

Group of organs with related functions working together to perform body functions

Question 33

What tissue makes up a plant leaf

Answer 33

EVM

Epidermis (lower and upper),
Veins (Xylem, Pholem
Mesophyll Tissue (Spongy, Palisade)

Question 34

What type of tissue heart is made of

Answer 34

Cardiac muscle

Question 35

Magnification

Answer 35

How much larger an object is displaced when compared with the original object

Question 36

Formula to create magnification from image size and actual size

Answer 36

I AM Formula

Image Size = Acutal Size X Magnification

Question 37

How do you convert mm to (mu)m

Answer 37

multiply by 1000 - 50mm = 50000 mum