classification Flashcards
Growth
a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Movement
an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Sensitivity
The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment
Respiration
The metabolic reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy
Reproduction
the processes that make more of the same kind of organism
Excretion
the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition
the taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water, and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water
Why are viruses not living
They do not have 8 characterstics of living organisms - for eg they do not respire
Organisms share features because they originally descend from a
Common Ancestor
Originally, organisms were classified using ________ and _______________
organisms were classified using morphology (the overall form and shape of the organism, e.g. whether it had wings or legs) and anatomy (the detailed body structure as determined by dissection)
Studies of DNA sequences of different species show
that the more similar the base sequences in the DNA of two species, the more closely related those two species are (and the more recent in time their common ancestor is)
Define Species
A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring
Organisms were first classified by
Swedish naturalist called Linnaeus in a way that allows the subdivision of living organisms into smaller and more specialised groups
binomial system
He named organisms in Latin using the binomial system where the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts starting with the genus (always given a capital letter) and followed by the species (starting with a lower case letter)
Genus Species
The sequence of classification is
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (KPC of GS)
The cells of all living organisms contain
Cafe Coffee Day - recotta
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA as genetic material (either found in the nucleus or free in the cytoplasm)
Ribosomes, Enzymes too!
TYPES OF KINGDOMS
All Funny 3 pigs!
Animals Plants Fungi Protoctists Prokaryotes
Main features of all animals:
1) they are multicellular
2) their cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
3) they feed on organic substances made by other living things
Main features of all plants:
they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
they all feed by photosynthesis
Main features of all fungi
(e.g. moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
usually multicellular
cells have nuclei and cell walls not made from cellulose
do not photosynthesize but feed by saprophytic (on dead or decaying material) or parasitic (on live material) nutrition
Main features of all Protoctists
(e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium)
most are unicellular but some are multicellular
all have a nucleus, some may have cell walls and chloroplasts
meaning some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances made by other living things
Main features of all Prokaryotes
(bacteria, blue-green algae)
often unicellular
cells have cell walls (not made of cellulose) and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria
What is phylogenetics
Study of evolutionary relationships
3 Advantages of Binomial Systems
Universal
Provides information closely
Allows precise naming
8 Parts of Plant Cells
MRP of 4C is None!
Nucleus Mitochondria Ribosomes Cell Membranes Cytoplasm Permanent Vacuole Chroloplast Cell wall
Two broad groups of Animals
Vertebrates and Invertebrates
5 groups of Vertebrates
Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians , Fish
Anthropod?
All invertebrates with jointed legs are part of the phylum; Invertibrate with exoskeleton - eg insects
4 Main groups of Anthropods
AC IN
Myriapods
Insects
Arachnids
Crustaceans
Two broad groups of Plants
Flowering & Non-Flowering
Two main groups of flowering plants
Monocotyledons
Dicotyledons
Difference between Monocotyledons &
Dicotyledons
1) FLOWERS
Flowers from monocotyledons contain petals in multiples of 3
Flowers from dicotyledons contain petals in multiples of 4 or 5
2) LEAVES
Leaves from monocotyledons have parallel leaf veins
Leaves from dicotyledons have reticulated leaf veins (meaning that they are all interconnected and form a web-like network throughout the leaf)
What are dichonotomous keys
resources used to identify organisms by asking series of questions
Ferns:
Have leaves called fronds
Do not produce flowers but instead reproduce by spores produced on the underside of fronds
Flowering plants:
Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds
Seeds are produced inside the ovary found at the base of the flower
Features of Viruses
Viruses are not part of any classification system as they are not considered living things
They do not carry out the seven life processes for themselves, instead they take over a host cell’s metabolic pathways in order to make multiple copies of themselves
Virus structure is simply genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat
