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Bibiliography > classification > Flashcards

classification Flashcards

1
Q

Growth

A

a permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both

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2
Q

Movement

A

an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place

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3
Q

Sensitivity

A

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the environment

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4
Q

Respiration

A

The metabolic reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy

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5
Q

Reproduction

A

the processes that make more of the same kind of organism

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6
Q

Excretion

A

the removal from organisms of toxic materials, the waste products of metabolism (chemical reactions in cells including respiration) and substances in excess of requirements

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7
Q

Nutrition

A

the taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water, and ions; animals need organic compounds, ions and usually need water

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8
Q

Why are viruses not living

A

They do not have 8 characterstics of living organisms - for eg they do not respire

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9
Q

Organisms share features because they originally descend from a

A

Common Ancestor

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10
Q

Originally, organisms were classified using ________ and _______________

A

organisms were classified using morphology (the overall form and shape of the organism, e.g. whether it had wings or legs) and anatomy (the detailed body structure as determined by dissection)

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11
Q

Studies of DNA sequences of different species show

A

that the more similar the base sequences in the DNA of two species, the more closely related those two species are (and the more recent in time their common ancestor is)

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12
Q

Define Species

A

A group of organisms that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

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13
Q

Organisms were first classified by

A

Swedish naturalist called Linnaeus in a way that allows the subdivision of living organisms into smaller and more specialised groups

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14
Q

binomial system

A

He named organisms in Latin using the binomial system where the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts starting with the genus (always given a capital letter) and followed by the species (starting with a lower case letter)

Genus Species

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15
Q

The sequence of classification is

A

Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species (KPC of GS)

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16
Q

The cells of all living organisms contain

A

Cafe Coffee Day - recotta
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA as genetic material (either found in the nucleus or free in the cytoplasm)

Ribosomes, Enzymes too!

17
Q

TYPES OF KINGDOMS

A

All Funny 3 pigs!

Animals
Plants
Fungi
Protoctists
Prokaryotes
18
Q

Main features of all animals:

A

1) they are multicellular
2) their cells contain a nucleus but no cell walls or chloroplasts
3) they feed on organic substances made by other living things

19
Q

Main features of all plants:

A

they are multicellular
their cells contain a nucleus, chloroplasts and cellulose cell walls
they all feed by photosynthesis

20
Q

Main features of all fungi

A

(e.g. moulds, mushrooms, yeast)
usually multicellular
cells have nuclei and cell walls not made from cellulose
do not photosynthesize but feed by saprophytic (on dead or decaying material) or parasitic (on live material) nutrition

21
Q

Main features of all Protoctists

A

(e.g. Amoeba, Paramecium, Plasmodium)
most are unicellular but some are multicellular
all have a nucleus, some may have cell walls and chloroplasts
meaning some protoctists photosynthesise and some feed on organic substances made by other living things

22
Q

Main features of all Prokaryotes

A

(bacteria, blue-green algae)
often unicellular
cells have cell walls (not made of cellulose) and cytoplasm but no nucleus or mitochondria

23
Q

What is phylogenetics

A

Study of evolutionary relationships

24
Q

3 Advantages of Binomial Systems

A

Universal
Provides information closely
Allows precise naming

25
Q

8 Parts of Plant Cells

A

MRP of 4C is None!

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cell Membranes
Cytoplasm
Permanent Vacuole 
Chroloplast 
Cell wall
26
Q

Two broad groups of Animals

A

Vertebrates and Invertebrates

27
Q

5 groups of Vertebrates

A

Mammals, Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians , Fish

28
Q

Anthropod?

A

All invertebrates with jointed legs are part of the phylum; Invertibrate with exoskeleton - eg insects

29
Q

4 Main groups of Anthropods

A

AC IN

Myriapods
Insects
Arachnids
Crustaceans

30
Q

Two broad groups of Plants

A

Flowering & Non-Flowering

31
Q

Two main groups of flowering plants

A

Monocotyledons

Dicotyledons

32
Q

Difference between Monocotyledons &

Dicotyledons

A

1) FLOWERS

Flowers from monocotyledons contain petals in multiples of 3
Flowers from dicotyledons contain petals in multiples of 4 or 5
2) LEAVES

Leaves from monocotyledons have parallel leaf veins
Leaves from dicotyledons have reticulated leaf veins (meaning that they are all interconnected and form a web-like network throughout the leaf)

33
Q

What are dichonotomous keys

A

resources used to identify organisms by asking series of questions

34
Q

Ferns:

A

Have leaves called fronds

Do not produce flowers but instead reproduce by spores produced on the underside of fronds

35
Q

Flowering plants:

A

Reproduce sexually by means of flowers and seeds

Seeds are produced inside the ovary found at the base of the flower

36
Q

Features of Viruses

A

Viruses are not part of any classification system as they are not considered living things
They do not carry out the seven life processes for themselves, instead they take over a host cell’s metabolic pathways in order to make multiple copies of themselves
Virus structure is simply genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protein coat

Bibiliography (11 decks)

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