Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Organisation Of The Organism > Flashcards

Organisation Of The Organism Flashcards

1
Q

Animal Cell

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Plant Cell

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a key feature of animal cells?

A

Animal cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Do animal cells have cell walls?

A

No, animal cells do not have cellulose cell walls.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can animal cells carry out photosynthesis?

A

No, animal cells do not contain chloroplasts and are unable to carry out photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How are carbohydrates stored in animal cells?

A

Carbohydrates are stored as glycogen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a key feature of plant cells?

A

Plant cells contain a nucleus with a distinct membrane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Do plant cells have cell walls?

A

Yes, plant cells have cell walls made out of cellulose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Can plant cells carry out photosynthesis?

A

Yes, plant cells contain chloroplasts and can carry out photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How are carbohydrates stored in plant cells?

A

Carbohydrates are stored as starch or sucrose.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does the nucleus contain?

A

The nucleus contains the DNA (genetic material) which controls the activities of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the cytoplasm?

A

The cytoplasm is a gel-like substance composed of water and dissolved solutes.

It supports the internal structures of the cell and is the site of many chemical reactions (including anaerobic respiration).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

The cell membrane holds the cell together, separating the inside of the cell from the outside.

It controls which substances enter or leave the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where are ribosomes found and what is their function?

A

Ribosomes are found in the cytoplasm and are the site of protein synthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the role of mitochondria?

A

Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the structure of the cell wall?

A

Made of cellulose (a polymer of glucose)

Gives the cell extra support, defining its shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

Contains the green chlorophyll pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What does the permanent vacuole contain?

A

Contains cell sap: a solution of sugar and salt

Used for storage of certain materials and helps to support the shape of the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the characteristics of bacteria cells?

A

Bacteria are microscopic single-celled organisms that possess a cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is unique about bacteria DNA?

A

They lack a nucleus but contain a circular chromosome of DNA that floats in the cytoplasm.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are plasmids?

A

Plasmids are small rings of DNA that contain extra genes to those found in the chromosomal DNA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What organelles do bacteria lack?

A

They lack mitochondria, chloroplasts, and other membrane-bound organelles found in animal and plant cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the function of flagella in bacteria?

A

Flagella are long, thin, whip-like tails that allow bacteria to move.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Give an example of a rod-shaped bacterium.

A

Lactobacillus

Used in the production of yoghurt from milk.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Give an example of a spherical bacterium.
Pneumococcus ## Footnote Acts as the pathogen causing pneumonia.
26
Bacteria Cell
27
What is the function of ciliated cells?
Movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi.
28
What is the function of nerve cells?
Conduction of impulses.
29
What is the function of red blood cells?
Transport of oxygen.
30
What is the function of sperm cells?
Reproduction.
31
What is the function of egg cells (ovum)?
Reproduction.
32
What adaptations do ciliated cells have?
Extensions of the cytoplasm form hair-like structures called cilia which beat to move mucus and trapped particles up to the throat.
33
What adaptations do nerve cells have?
Long extensions allow nerves to run to and from different parts of the body to the central nervous system.
34
What adaptations do nerve cells have for communication?
The cell has extensions and branches to communicate with other nerve cells, muscles, and glands.
35
What is the role of the axon in nerve cells?
The axon is an extension of cytoplasm away from the cell body, covered with a fatty sheath to insulate the nerve cell and speed up the nerve impulse.
36
What is the shape of red blood cells and why?
Biconcave disc shape increases surface area for more efficient diffusion of oxygen.
37
What is contained in red blood cells for oxygen transport?
Contains haemoglobin which joins with oxygen to transport it.
38
Why do red blood cells lack a nucleus?
To increase the amount of space available for haemoglobin inside the cell.
39
What is contained in the head of sperm cells?
The head contains the genetic material for fertilisation in a haploid nucleus (containing half the normal number of chromosomes).
40
What is the function of the acrosome in sperm cells?
Contains digestive enzymes so that a sperm can penetrate an egg.
41
What is the role of the mid-piece in sperm cells?
Packed with mitochondria to release energy needed to swim and fertilise the egg.
42
What is the function of the tail in sperm cells?
Enables the sperm to swim.
43
What does the cytoplasm of sperm cells contain?
Contains a lot of cytoplasm which has nutrients for the growth of the early embryo.
44
What happens to the cell membrane of the egg after fertilisation?
Cell membrane changes after fertilisation by a single sperm so that no more sperm can enter.
45
What is the function of root hair cells?
Root hair cells absorb water and mineral ions from soil. ## Footnote They increase surface area to ensure maximum absorption.
46
What is the role of xylem?
Xylem conducts water through the plant and provides support. ## Footnote Xylem vessels have no top and bottom walls, allowing a continuous column of water.
47
What are the characteristics of xylem cells?
Xylem cells are dead, lacking organelles or cytoplasm, and have thickened walls with lignin for support. ## Footnote Their column shape maximizes water passage.
48
What is the function of palisade mesophyll?
Palisade mesophyll is involved in photosynthesis. ## Footnote It contains many chloroplasts for maximum photosynthesis and is arranged to absorb sunlight efficiently.
49
Red Blood Cell
50
Nerve Cell
51
Egg cell
52
Sperm Cell
53
Root hair cell
54
Ciliated Cell
55
Xylem Structure
56
Palisade Mesophyll cell
57
What are cells?
Cells are the basic functional and structural units in a living organism.
58
What are tissues?
Tissues are groups of cells of similar structure working together to perform the same function.
59
What are organs?
Organs are made from different tissues working together to perform specific functions.
60
What are organ systems?
Organ systems are groups of organs with related functions, working together to perform body functions.
61
What are the organs in the shoot system?
Leaf, stem, flower, fruit
62
What are the organs in the root system?
Root, tuber
63
What are the organs in the digestive system?
Oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine
64
What are the organs in the circulatory system?
Heart, veins, arteries
65
What are the organs in the immune system?
Thymus, spleen
66
What are the organs in the respiratory system?
Trachea, bronchi, lungs
67
What are the organs in the excretory system?
Liver, kidney, skin, lungs
68
What are the organs in the nervous system?
Brain, spinal cord
69
What are the organs in the reproductive system?
Ovary, cervix, uterus, vagina, testes, penis
70
What are some examples of plant tissues?
Epidermis, mesophyll, xylem, phloem, ground tissue
71
What are some examples of animal tissues?
Muscle, connective, nerve, epithelial, bone marrow
72
Levels of Organisation

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions