Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology > Enzymes > Flashcards

Enzymes Flashcards

1
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are enzymes made of?

A

Enzymes are proteins.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are enzymes considered biological catalysts?

A

Enzymes are biological catalysts because they are made in living cells and speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being changed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why are enzymes necessary for living organisms?

A

Enzymes are necessary to maintain reaction speeds of all metabolic reactions at a rate that can sustain life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What happens if we do not produce digestive enzymes?

A

Without digestive enzymes, it would take around 2 - 3 weeks to digest one meal; with enzymes, it takes around 4 hours.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Are enzymes specific to substrates?

A

Yes, enzymes are specific to one particular substrate as the enzyme is a complementary shape to the substrate.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What happens to the substrate in an enzyme reaction?

A

The product is made from the substrate(s) and is released.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Enzyme Photo

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Enzyme photo 2

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the first step in investigating the effect of temperature on amylase?

A

Starch solution is heated to a set temperature.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is added to the wells of a spotting tile in the temperature experiment?

A

Iodine is added to wells of a spotting tile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is mixed with the starch solution in the temperature experiment?

A

Amylase is added to the starch solution and mixed well.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How often are droplets of solution added to the iodine solution?

A

Every minute, droplets of solution are added to a new well of iodine solution.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What indicates that the reaction is complete in the temperature experiment?

A

The iodine stops turning blue-black, meaning there is no more starch left.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is recorded in the temperature experiment?

A

Time taken for the reaction to be completed is recorded.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is done after completing the temperature experiment?

A

The experiment is repeated at different temperatures.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What does a quicker reaction completion indicate?

A

The quicker the reaction is completed, the faster the enzyme is working.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the first step in investigating the effect of pH on amylase?

A

Place single drops of iodine solution in rows on the tile.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How is amylase prepared for the pH experiment?

A

Use the syringe to place 2cm3 of amylase in the test tube.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is added to the test tube along with amylase in the pH experiment?

A

Add 1cm3 of buffer solution to the test tube using a syringe.

21
Q

What is done after adding starch solution to the amylase and buffer solution?

A

Start the stopwatch whilst mixing using a pipette.

22
Q

How often is a drop of mixture placed on the iodine solution?

A

After 10 seconds, use a pipette to place one drop of mixture on the first drop of iodine.

23
Q

What indicates that starch has been digested in the pH experiment?

A

The iodine solution remains orange-brown.

24
Q

What is done after completing the pH experiment?

A

Repeat the experiment at different pH values.

25
What does a shorter time for iodine to remain orange-brown indicate?
The quicker all the starch has been digested, the better the enzyme works at that pH.
26
Investigating temperature with enzymes
27
What is the specificity of enzymes?
Enzymes are specific to one particular substrate as the active site of the enzyme is a complementary shape to the substrate.
28
What is the lock and key hypothesis?
The lock and key hypothesis describes how the enzyme's active site is a specific shape that fits the substrate.
29
What is formed when a substrate enters an enzyme's active site?
When the substrate moves into the enzyme’s active site, they become known as the enzyme-substrate complex.
30
What happens to the products after a reaction occurs?
After the reaction has occurred, the products leave the enzyme’s active site as they no longer fit it.
31
What happens to the enzyme after the reaction?
The enzyme is unchanged and will go on to catalyse further reactions.
32
How do enzymes and substrates interact in solution?
Enzymes and substrates randomly move about in solution.
33
What occurs when an enzyme and its complementary substrate collide?
When an enzyme and its complementary substrate randomly collide, an enzyme-substrate complex forms, and the reaction occurs.
34
What is the outcome of the reaction involving substrates?
A product (or products) forms from the substrate(s) which are then released from the active site.
35
What are enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins and have a specific shape, held in place by bonds.
36
Why is the specific shape of enzymes important?
The specific shape ensures the substrate will fit into the active site and enable the reaction to proceed.
37
At what temperature do enzymes work fastest in the human body?
The optimum temperature for enzymes in the human body is 37⁰C.
38
What happens to enzymes when heated beyond their optimum temperature?
Heating to high temperatures will break the bonds that hold the enzyme together, causing it to lose its shape, known as denaturation.
39
Can substrates fit into denatured enzymes?
No, substrates cannot fit into denatured enzymes as the shape of their active site has been lost.
40
Is denaturation of enzymes reversible?
Denaturation is irreversible; once enzymes are denatured, they cannot regain their proper shape and activity will stop.
41
What effect does increasing temperature from 0⁰C to the optimum have on enzyme activity?
Increasing the temperature increases the activity of enzymes as molecules move faster, leading to more collisions with substrate molecules and a faster rate of reaction.
42
Do low temperatures denature enzymes?
No, low temperatures do not denature enzymes; they just make them work more slowly.
43
What is the optimum pH for most enzymes?
The optimum pH for most enzymes is 7.
44
What is the optimum pH for enzymes produced in the stomach?
Enzymes produced in the stomach have a lower optimum pH of 2.
45
What is the optimum pH for enzymes produced in the duodenum?
Enzymes produced in the duodenum have a higher optimum pH of 8 or 9.
46
What happens if the pH is too high or too low for enzymes?
The bonds that hold the amino acid chain together can be destroyed.
47
What is the effect of changing the pH on the enzyme's active site?
Changing the pH will change the shape of the active site, reducing the rate of activity.
48
What occurs if the pH moves too far from the optimum?
The enzyme will denature and activity will stop.
49
PH in enzymes

Biology (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions