organisation of the nervous system Flashcards
what are the two systems that make up the nervous system
-central nervous system(CNS)
-peripheral nervous system(PNS)
what does the peripheral nervous system consist of
-consist of all the sensory neurones that carry electrical/nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system
and the motor neurones which carry nerve impulses away from the CNS to the effectors
what does the central nervous system consist of
-the brain and the spinal cord and relay neurones
what two systems can the peripheral nervous system be divided into
-somatic nervous system
-peripheral nervous system
which system is pupil dilation controlled by
role of the nervous system
controls unvoluntary and voluntary functions
state the differences between the peripheral and the central nervous system
which system is the action of walking controlled by
which system is blood pressure controlled by
which system is the action of throwing a ball controlled by
which system is blinking controlled by
function of the somatic nervous system
Relay information from the sensory receptors to the brain
- the system is under conscious control, it controls voluntary actions,
Provide a muscle response through the motor pathways
role of autonomic nervous system
The autonomic nervous system is in control of automatic involuntary functions, e.g causing the heart to beat, digesting food
works constantly
playing an important role in homeostasis.
takes control during emergencies.
Reflexes such as sneezing and coughing are also carried out by the ANS.
where does the autonomic nervous system carry responses to
-glands, smooth muscle and the cardiac muscle
how does the somatic system work
Sensory receptors take external information to the brain and spinal cord,
whilst the motor pathways are responsible for carrying nerve impulses to the muscles in the body
what makes up the autonomic nervous system
Nerves and ganglia (neuronal cell bodies) make up the autonomic nervous system.
Within the ANS, there are two further systems: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).
what is the autonomic nervous system divided into
-sympathetic nervous system
-parasympathetic nervous system
what are ganglia and what is their role
they are neural cell bodies and they connect organs around the body to the CNS.
the sympathetic nervous system:
The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for any possible type of emergency.
When the fight or flight response takes over, the SNS is activated.
During the activation when the body is under stress, the heart rate and breathing increases in response to a release of adrenaline, as well as changes to the organ’s function.
Pre- and post-ganglionic nerves send information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).
the parasympathetic nervous system
When we are not in an emergency situation and simply resting, our parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is in control of our involuntary functions.
Our heart rate decreases whilst our digestion and salivation remains normal in order to preserve energy, and, if needed, counter-act the sympathetic nervous system’s work to return the body to its normal state.
What is the nervous system and what does it do?
The nervous system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that is responsible for controlling and coordinating the functions of the body. It collects and processes sensory information from the environment and internal organs, and then sends signals to the muscles and glands to produce a response.
What are the two main components of the nervous system?
The two main components of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS.
What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?
The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. It receives sensory information from the periphery, and sends motor commands to the muscles through the peripheral nerves. It also has reflex centers that allow for quick, automatic responses to stimuli.
How does the nervous system work with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis?
The nervous system works with the other systems of the body, such as the endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system, to maintain a stable internal environment, known as homeostasis. The nervous system collects information about changes in the internal and external environment, and uses this information to activate responses that restore homeostasis.
What are neurons and what is their function?
Neurons are specialized cells that are responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. They receive and process sensory information, transmit signals to other neurons or muscles, and integrate information from multiple sources to produce an appropriate response.
