organisation of the nervous system

Question 1

what are the two systems that make up the nervous system

Answer 1

-central nervous system(CNS)
-peripheral nervous system(PNS)

Question 2

what does the peripheral nervous system consist of

Answer 2

-consist of all the sensory neurones that carry electrical/nerve impulses from the receptors to the central nervous system

and the motor neurones which carry nerve impulses away from the CNS to the effectors

Question 2

what does the central nervous system consist of

Answer 2

-the brain and the spinal cord and relay neurones

Question 3

what two systems can the peripheral nervous system be divided into

Answer 3

-somatic nervous system
-peripheral nervous system

Question 3

which system is pupil dilation controlled by

Question 3

role of the nervous system

Answer 3

controls unvoluntary and voluntary functions

Question 4

state the differences between the peripheral and the central nervous system

Question 5

which system is the action of walking controlled by

Answer 5

which system is blood pressure controlled by

Question 5

which system is the action of throwing a ball controlled by

Question 6

which system is blinking controlled by

Question 7

function of the somatic nervous system

Answer 7

Relay information from the sensory receptors to the brain

• the system is under conscious control, it controls voluntary actions,

Provide a muscle response through the motor pathways

Question 8

role of autonomic nervous system

Answer 8

The autonomic nervous system is in control of automatic involuntary functions, e.g causing the heart to beat, digesting food

works constantly

playing an important role in homeostasis.

takes control during emergencies.

Reflexes such as sneezing and coughing are also carried out by the ANS.

Question 9

where does the autonomic nervous system carry responses to

Answer 9

-glands, smooth muscle and the cardiac muscle

Question 9

how does the somatic system work

Answer 9

Sensory receptors take external information to the brain and spinal cord,

whilst the motor pathways are responsible for carrying nerve impulses to the muscles in the body

Question 10

what makes up the autonomic nervous system

Answer 10

Nerves and ganglia (neuronal cell bodies) make up the autonomic nervous system.

Within the ANS, there are two further systems: the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS).

Question 10

what is the autonomic nervous system divided into

Answer 10

-sympathetic nervous system

-parasympathetic nervous system

Question 11

what are ganglia and what is their role

Answer 11

they are neural cell bodies and they connect organs around the body to the CNS.

Question 12

the sympathetic nervous system:

Answer 12

The sympathetic nervous system prepares the body for any possible type of emergency.

When the fight or flight response takes over, the SNS is activated.

During the activation when the body is under stress, the heart rate and breathing increases in response to a release of adrenaline, as well as changes to the organ’s function.

Pre- and post-ganglionic nerves send information between the central nervous system (CNS) and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS).

Question 13

the parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 13

When we are not in an emergency situation and simply resting, our parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) is in control of our involuntary functions.

Our heart rate decreases whilst our digestion and salivation remains normal in order to preserve energy, and, if needed, counter-act the sympathetic nervous system’s work to return the body to its normal state.

Question 14

What is the nervous system and what does it do?

Answer 14

The nervous system is a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that is responsible for controlling and coordinating the functions of the body. It collects and processes sensory information from the environment and internal organs, and then sends signals to the muscles and glands to produce a response.

Question 15

What are the two main components of the nervous system?

Answer 15

The two main components of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS consists of all the nerves and ganglia outside of the CNS.

Question 16

What is the role of the spinal cord in the nervous system?

Answer 16

The spinal cord acts as a communication pathway between the brain and the rest of the body. It receives sensory information from the periphery, and sends motor commands to the muscles through the peripheral nerves. It also has reflex centers that allow for quick, automatic responses to stimuli.

Question 17

How does the nervous system work with the other systems of the body to maintain homeostasis?

Answer 17

The nervous system works with the other systems of the body, such as the endocrine system, cardiovascular system, and respiratory system, to maintain a stable internal environment, known as homeostasis. The nervous system collects information about changes in the internal and external environment, and uses this information to activate responses that restore homeostasis.

Question 17

What are neurons and what is their function?

Answer 17

Neurons are specialized cells that are responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals in the nervous system. They receive and process sensory information, transmit signals to other neurons or muscles, and integrate information from multiple sources to produce an appropriate response.

Question 18

What is the role of neurotransmitters in the nervous system?

Answer 18

Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that are released from neurons and bind to specific receptors on other neurons or muscles to transmit signals across synapses. They are involved in controlling the speed and strength of nerve impulses, and can also affect mood, behavior, and various physiological functions.

Question 19

how do we know when the sympathetic nervous system is in action

Answer 19

• if the outcome increases activity, the sympathetic nervous system is involved

e,g increase in heart rate, breathing rate, blood glucose concentration

Question 20

what does the sympathetic nervous sytem stimulate kidney to do

Answer 20

-decrease urine secreation

Question 20

what does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate salivary glands to do

Answer 20

-reduce salivary production

Question 20

how do we know when the parasympathetic nervous system is in action

Answer 20

if the outcome decreases activity, the parasympathetic nervous system is involved

for example ,decrease in heart rate ,breathing rate

Question 21

what does the sympathetic nervous system stimulate the lungs to do

Answer 21

cause the bronchial muscle to relax

Question 21

what does the parasympathetic nervous system stimulate salivary glands to do

Answer 21

-increase saliva production

Question 22

what does the parasympathetic nervous systems stimulate lungs to do

Answer 22

causes bronchial muscle to contract

Question 23

what does the parasympathetic nervous system cause kidney to do

Answer 23

increase urine secretion

Question 24

what is the difference between the parasympathetic nervous system and the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 24

The sympathetic nervous system is known as the ‘flight or fight’ response and the parasympathetic nervous system is known as the ‘rest and digest’ response.

While your sympathetic nervous system carries signals that put your body’s systems on alert, your parasympathetic carries signals that relax those systems

Question 25

what is the difference between the autonomic and the somatic nervous system

Answer 25

somatic nervous system (SNS) - responsible for concious perception and voluntary movement of skeletal muscles. autonomic nervous systems (ANS) - responsible for involuntary control of the body, including glandular secretions, maintaining organ systems and reflex movement of skeletal muscles.