Organisation of neurones

Question 1

Which property does not affect the function of the neurone?

a) shape of neurone and its processes
b) if it synapses or not
c) chemicals used to communicate with other neurones
d) the way the neurone reacts to neurotransmitters released by other neurones

Answer 1

b

Question 2

What are multipolar neurones?

Answer 2

1 axon and lots of dendrites

Question 3

What are motoneurons?

Answer 3

Carry signals from CNS to muscles and glands

Question 4

What are bipolar sensory neurones?

Answer 4

1 axon and 1 dendrite

Question 5

What are glial cells?

Answer 5

Nerve cells that do not carry nerve impulses

Question 6

Functions of glial cells?

Answer 6

Digest dead neurones
Make myelin
Physical and nutritional support

Question 7

3 types of glial cells in CNS and function?

Answer 7

Astrocytes - regulate ionic concentration
Oligodendrocytes - form myelin in CNS
Microglia - digest dead tissue

Question 8

What is the difference between oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Answer 8

Oligodendrocytes = myelin in CNS - myelin around several axons
Schwann = myelin in PNS - myelin around 1 axon each

Question 9

Silver impregnation method of staining on stains 1% of cells in a random manner - why is this an advantage when studying neurones?

Answer 9

Can study in isolation from neighbours.

The whole neurone shows up

Question 10

Which of these is not a property of dendrites?

a) can have 1 to several
b) emerge from the cell body
c) divide into secondary and tertiary dendtires
d) can be covered in spines
e) do not taper with distance from soma

Answer 10

e - they do taper

Question 11

Which of these is not a property of axons?

a) emerge from the general cell body
b) does not taper
c) each neurone has 1 axon

Answer 11

a) emerges from the axon hillock

Question 12

What cells regulate motor movements in the cerebellum?

Answer 12

Purkinje cells

Question 13

What is the function of the cerebellum?

Answer 13

Autonomic motor tasks - balance
Intergates visual and proprioceptive inputs
Decides which muscles need to be contacted

Question 14

Why does myelin increase speed of transduction?

Answer 14

Made of lipids and proteins so ions cannot pass through = saltatory conduction

Question 15

What is an axodendritic connection?

Answer 15

Between axon terminal and dendrite

Question 16

What is an axoaxonix connection?

Answer 16

Between 2 axon terminals

Question 17

What is an axiomatic connection?

Answer 17

Between axon terminal and soma

Question 18

What is the function of axonal transport?

Answer 18

Transports replacement mitochondria, Golgi secretions, membrane components along prolonged axons using microtubules

Question 19

What are the 3 types of axonal transport?

Answer 19

Fast anterograde, slow anterograde, fast retrograde

Question 20

Which direction is fast anterograde transport?

Answer 20

From soma to synpase

Question 21

What types of neurones require fast anterograde transport?

Answer 21

Active neurones that need quick replacement

Question 22

What proteins does fast anterograde transport use?

Answer 22

Microtubules and kinesin

Question 23

What is slow anterograde axonal transport?

Answer 23

Movement of soluble substances along axon at 2 different rates

Question 24

What is type A slow anterograde transport?

Answer 24

Components of cytoskeleton synthesis along axon

Question 25

What is type B slow anterograde transport?

Answer 25

Smaller protein molecules like actin, myosin (faster)

Question 26

What direction is fast retrograde axonal transport?

Answer 26

From synapse to cell body

Question 27

What protein does fast retrograde transport use?

Answer 27

Microtubules and dyein

Question 28

What is the fate of the returned matter from fast retrograde transport?

Answer 28

Reused in chemical synthesis or rebuilding of organelles

Disposed of

Question 29

What is a disadvantage of fast retrograde transport?

Answer 29

Carrys toxins and viruses into CNS e.g. rabies