CNS development Flashcards
From what does the neural plate form?
Ectoderm
What does the notochord form?
Vertebrae
How does the neural tube form?
Neural groove gets deeper until the neural folds meet and the tube forms
What does the neural tube form?
Spinal cord and brain
How does the neural tube stay in contact with the amniotic fluid?
Cranial and caudal neuropores
Does the cranial or caudal neuropore close first?
Cranial
What does the neural crest form?
Dorsal root ganglia Odontoblasts Melanocytes Parafollicular thyroid cells Adrenal medulla Autonomic ganglia Cartilages of trachea Schwann cells
What are neural tube defects?
Failure of closure of neural pores
What causes Spina bifida?
Caudal neural pore doesn’t close
What causes anencephaly?
Cranial neural pore doesn’t close
What does Spina bifida cause?
Little connective tissue at base of spinal column, so bones don’t form properly
What does anencephaly cause?
No brain
What prevents NTD’s?
Folic acid supplements during pregnancy
From which end of the neural tube does the brain develop?
Rostral (towards top)
Name the primary vesicles
Prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon
Mnemonic of primary vesicles
Probe Me Right
Name the secondary vesicles
Telencephalon, Diencephalon, Mesencephalon, Metencephaon, Mylencephalon
Mnemonic of secondary vesicles
Tel Di Me Met My
What secondary vesicles does prosencephalon form?
Telencephalon and diencephalon
What does telencephalon form?
Cerebral hemisphere
What does diencephalon form?
Thalamus
What secondary vesicle does mesencephalon form?
Mesencephalon
What does mesencephalon form?
Midbrain
What secondary vesicle does rhombencephalon form?
Mesencephalon and myelencephalon
What does mesencephalon form?
Pons and cerebellum
What does myelencephalon form?
Medulla
What are microglial cells formed from?
Haematopoetic stems cells
What 2 progenitors do CNS stem cells from?
Glial or neural
What cells do glial progenitors form?
Astrocytes, oligodendrocyte progenitors
What cells do neural progenitors form?
Neurones
