Organisation of cells in tissues and organs Flashcards
Name the three major salivary glands, and what they secrete.
- Parotid gland, mainly serous (Water) secreting
- Sublingual gland, mainly Mucous secreting
- Submandibular gland, Secretes a mixture of both.
Name the 4 layers of the digestive tract. (From lumen outwards)
- Mucosa
- Submucosa
- Muscularis externa
- Serosa or adventitia
Name and describe the three layers of mucosa.
- Epithelium: Sits on basal lamina
- Lamina Propria: Loose connective tissue
- Muscularis mucosae: Thin layer of smooth muscle.
Describe the submucosa
Loose connective tissue
Describe the muscularis externa.
Two thick layers of smooth muscle i.e an inner circular layer and an outer longitudinal layer.
Describe the serosa or adventitia.
Outer layer of connective tissue that suspends the digestive tract or attaches to other organs.
Name the three strips that the outer longitudinal muscle of the large intestine is split up into.
The teniae coli.
What is the name of the branch of the nervous system that serves the digestive tract?
Enteric nervous system
Describe bronchi. (2)
- Large diameter airways
- Hyaline cartilage in walls
Describe bronchioles. (2)
- Small airways
- Smooth muscle predominates in their walls.
Where does gas exchange in the lungs occur?
Alveoli
What are lobules?
The hexagonal structures that make up the liver.
How is blood delivered to each lobule?
There is a branch of the hepatic portal vein and hepatic portal artery at every corner of the lobule.
What is the function of the central vein in the middle of each lobule?
Drains blood to the hepatic vein.
Describe the movement of blood in lobules.
Blood passes from the corner to the centre of the hexagon.
What are hepatocytes and what is their function?
Cells in the liver which produce bile and detoxify blood
Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?
Both
What are proteases?
Enzymes that break down proteins
What are lipases?
Enzymes that break down lipids
What are nucleases?
Enzymes that break down DNA and RNA.
What feature of enzymes prevents them digesting the organs of the body?
They are produced in an inactive form.
What are the “Islets of Langerhans”?
Small islands of tissue in the pancreas that produce hormones such as insulin.
What is the renal corpsucle?
A collection of capillaries surrounded by epithelium where urine production begins.
What is a nephron?
A renal corpsucle/tubule unit
What is the alternative name for Red blood cells?
Erythrocytes
Why do Erythrocytes lack a nucleus?
To increase oxygen carrying capacity.
What is the alternative name for White blood cells?
Leukocytes
What are the 5 principle types of leukocytes?
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
Name the three layers of a muscular artery. (From lumen outwards)
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia
What is the endothelium?
The simple squamous epithelium of blood vessels.
What are capillaries composed of in terms of cells?
Epithelial cells and a basal lamina
What are the layers of arterioles?
One or two layers of smooth muscle in the tunica media and almost no adventitia
