Anatomy of the cell Flashcards
Describe the cell membrane structure.
Phospholipid bilayer
Fluid structure
Describe the structure and function of the cytoskeleton.
(i) Made from thin and intermediate filament and microtubules.
(ii) Determines the shape and fluidity of the cell.
Describe the phospholipid bilayer.
Hydrophillic heads- “Water loving,” face outer and inner surfaces of the bilayer.
Hydrophobic tails- “Water hating,” face towards middle of bilayer.
What is studded on the Rough endoplasmic reticulum and what function do they serve?
Ribosomes, for protein synthesis
Name the features common to eukaryotic cells.
An outer cell membrane An inner cell cytosol Cytoskeleton Membrane bound organelles Other structures within the cytoplasm
What are dynein and kinesin?
Motor proteins that carry molecules through microtubules.
What are intracellular junctions?
Special membranes that link individual cells into one functional unit.
What are the three types of intracellular junction and what are their functions?
Occluding junction- Link cells together to create a barrier or plug a gap.
Anchoring junction- Provides mechanical strength.
Communicating junction- Allows movement of molecules between cells.
What is euchromatin?
DNA that is actively transcribing
What is heterochromatin?
DNA that is condensed and not undergoing transcription.
What is the function of mitochondria?
To generate ATP by oxidative phosphorylation.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis
What is the function of the golgi apparatus?
Modifying and packaging molecules that arrive from the ER.
Sorts macromolecules into vesicles.
What is the function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
- Lipid and cholesterol synthesis
- Continue the packaging of molecules from the RER
Where are ribosomes synthesised?
Nucleolus
