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Biology Paper 1 > Organisation In Animals > Flashcards

Organisation In Animals Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 5 levels of organization in living organisms

A

Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organisms

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2
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells with similar structure and functions

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3
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of tissues working together to perform a specific function

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4
Q

What is the function of bile in digestion

A

Neutralize hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsify fat to form small droplets with a large surface area

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5
Q

What is the function of saliva in digestion

A

Lunrication to help swallowing contains amylase to break down stretch

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6
Q

Name 3 enzymes produced in the pancreas

A

Amylase, protease, lipase

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7
Q

Name the four name components of blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma
Platelets

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8
Q

What is the function of platelets

A

Form blood clots to prevent blood loss and stop wounds being infected

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9
Q

Name the substances transported in the blood plasma

A

Hormones
Proteins
Urea
Carbon dioxide
Glucose

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10
Q

Why is the human circulatory system described as a double circulatory system

A

Blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body
Deoxygenated blood is pumped from the right side of the heart to the lungs, and the oxygenated blood that returns from the lungs is pumped from the left side of the heart to the body

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11
Q

How does the structure of an artery relate to its function

A

Carrie’s blood away from the heart under high pressure
Small linen and thick elastic aged walls that can stretch

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12
Q

How does the structure of a vein relate to its function

A

Carrie’s blood back to the heart at low pressure
Dosent need thick elastic stead walls but has valves preventing back flow

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13
Q

How does the structure of a capillary relate to its function

A

Carrie’s blood to cells and tissues
Has a one cell thick wall to provide a short diffusion distance

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14
Q

List the structures air passes through when breathing in

A

Mouth
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

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15
Q

What is the function of plasma

A

Transports blood cells

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16
Q

Blood is an example of a tissue. Suggest why

A

It is a group of similar cells working together

17
Q

Give an example of tissue

A

Blood

18
Q

What does a valve do

A

Prevents blood flowing backwards into the right atrium

19
Q

Humans have a double circulatory system. Describe what this means

A

One transport system Carrie’s blood from the heart to the lungs to allow gas exchange
The second system transports blood around the body to enable cells to respire

20
Q

Which changes take place in an athletes chest cavity over a period of time

A

Rib cage moves up and out
Diaphragm contracts and moves down

21
Q

What is the nutrients which uses ethanol and the result is a formation of a cloudy white layer

A

Fats

22
Q

If the test for starch turns yellow orange is it a positive test

A

Yes

23
Q

If the test for sugar using bendicts solution turns blue is the test positive

A

No

24
Q

If the tedt for protein using biuret regent turns purple is the test positive

A

Yes

25
Q

Blood in the artieries is usually bright red because it is full of oxygen identify the artery where this is not true

A

Pulmonary artery

26
Q

Why is blood in the pulmonary artery not bright red

A

Takes blood from heart to the lungs

27
Q

Give two reasons why it is important that blood is transported to every cell in the body

A

To provide the cell with oxygen
To remove waste products

28
Q

The alveoli are adapted to allow as much oxygen to enter the body as possible
Describe two ways the alveoli are adapted for gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Thin walls

29
Q

Describe the changes that take place in the chest cavity when a person breathes in

A

Ribs move up and out
Diaphragm moves down
Muscles between ribs contract

30
Q

Identify one organ that is responsible for absorbing water from indigested food

A

Large intestine

31
Q

What is the function of muscular tissue

A

Churns digestive juices and food of the stomach together

32
Q

What’s the function of the glandular tissue

A

Produces the digestive juices

33
Q

What is the function of the epithelial tissue

A

Confers the inside and outside of the stomach

34
Q

A student was provided with an unknown good sample and the following apparatus:
Test tubes
Benedict’s solution
Water bath
Biuret reagent
Iodine
Ethanol
Explain the the student could test the food sample for the presence of startch, sugar, fats and protein

A

Place food sample into each four test tubes
Add a few drops of distilled water
Add a few drops of iodine to one sample
If colour changes yellow orange to black blue stretch is present
Add a few drops of Benedict’s solution
If colour change from blue to brick red sugar is present
Add a few drops of biuret reagent
If colour changes blue to purple protein is present
Add a few drops of ethanol
If cloudy later form fats are present

35
Q

List the structures air passes through when breathing in

A

Mouth
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli

36
Q

How are villi adapted for exchanging substances

A

1 cell thick membrane for short diffusion pathway
Good blood supply maintains steep concentration gradient
Long and thin walls for increased surface area

Biology Paper 1 (6 decks)

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