organisation in animals

Question 1

what are the five levels of organisation in living organisms?

Answer 1

cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

Question 2

what is in the digestive system? (11)`

Answer 2

mouth, salivary glands, oesophagus, stomach, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus

Question 3

what is the mouth?

Answer 3

where food is chewed

Question 4

what are the salivary glands?

Answer 4

makes saliva containing the enzyme amylase

Question 5

what does the oesophagus?

Answer 5

carries food to the stomach

Question 6

what does the liver do?

Answer 6

makes bile

Question 7

what does the gall bladder do?

Answer 7

stores bile, bile is alkaline to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach and emulsifies fats

Question 8

what does the stomach do?

Answer 8

churns food, releases protease and digests proteins, releases hydrochloric acid - kills pathogens

Question 9

what does the small intestine do?

Answer 9

where digested food is absorbed into the blood

Question 10

what does the large intestine do?

Answer 10

where water and minerals are absorbed into the blood

Question 11

what does the rectum do?

Answer 11

stores faeces

Question 12

what does the anus do?

Answer 12

expels faeces

Question 13

where does the air go when you breathe in?

Answer 13

through the nose and mouth, down the trachea, into the bronchi, through the bronchioles, into the alveoli

Question 14

what does the oxygen do after its breathed in and in the alveoli?

Answer 14

diffuses into the blood into the network of capillaries over the surface of the alveoli

Question 15

which four components is blood made up of?

Answer 15

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma`

Question 16

what are the vessels?

Answer 16

artery, vein, capillary

Question 17

what is the function of an artery?

Answer 17

carries blood away from the heart ( high pressure )

Question 18

what is the function of a vein?

Answer 18

carries blood to the heart ( low pressure )

Question 19

what is function of a capillary?

Answer 19

carries blood to the tissues and cells, connects arteries and veins

Question 20

what is the structure of an artery?

Answer 20

thick, muscular and elastic walls. the walls can withstand a lot of force and pressure. small lumen

Question 21

what is the structure of a vein?

Answer 21

valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way, thin walls, large lumen

Question 22

what is the structure of a capillary?

Answer 22

one cell thick, short diffusion distance for substances to move between the blood and tissues. very narrow lumen

Question 23

what muscle tissue is the heart made from?

Answer 23

cardiac muscle tissue

Question 24

what is the cardiac muscle tissue supplied with and how?

Answer 24

oxygen by the coronary artery

Question 25

what are the parts of the heart?

Answer 25

pulmonary artery, aorta, pulmonary vein, left ventricles, right ventrical, vena cava, right atrium, left atrium

Question 26

what does the aorta do?

Answer 26

carries oxygenated blood around the body

Question 27

what does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 27

brings oxygenated blood from the lungs

Question 28

what does the left ventricle do?

Answer 28

pumps blood around the body

Question 29

what does the right ventricle do?

Answer 29

pumps blood to the lungs

Question 30

what does the vena cava do?

Answer 30

brings deoxygenated blood into the heart

Question 31

what does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 31

takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 32

what is the heart rate controlled by?

Answer 32

a group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses, acting as a pacemaker

Question 33

what is the human circulatory system described as? why?

Answer 33

a double circulatory system because blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body: the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place, the left ventricle pumps blood around the rest of the body.