Organisation - enzyme and digestion

Question 1

what do digestive enzymes break down and why

Answer 1

1) big molecules
2) they’re too big to pass through the walls of the digestive system to enzymes break these molecules into smaller ones

Question 2

what are some big molecules
3 points

Answer 2

1) starch
2) proteins
3) fats

Question 3

what are some smaller molecules
4 points

Answer 3

1) sugars
2) amino acids
3) glycerol
4) fatty acids

Question 4

what can the smaller molecules do that the bigger ones can’t
2 points

Answer 4

1) they are smaller and soluble so can easily pass through the walls of the digestive system
2) allowing them to be absorbed into the bloodstream

Question 5

what does carbohydrases do

Answer 5

they convert carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 6

what is amylase an example of

Answer 6

an example of a carbohydrase

Question 7

where is amylase made
3 points

Answer 7

1) the salivary glands
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

Question 8

what is starch

Answer 8

a carbohydrate

Question 9

what does amylase break down and what does that make
2 points

Answer 9

1) it breaks down starch
2) which makes maltose and other sugars

Question 10

what do proteases break down and what does this break down into
2 points

Answer 10

1) it breaks down proteins
2) into amino acids

Question 11

where is protease made
3 points

Answer 11

1) the stomach (it’s called pepsin there)
2) the pancreas
3) the small intestine

Question 12

what are lipids

Answer 12

they are fats and oils

Question 13

what does lipase break down and what does this break down into
2 points

Answer 13

1) it breaks down lipids
2) into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 14

where are lipases made
2 points

Answer 14

1) the pancreas
2) the small intestine

Question 15

what can the products of digestion be used for
2 points

Answer 15

1) to make new carbohydrates, proteins and lipids
2) some of the glucose that’s made is used in respiration

Question 16

where is bile produced

Answer 16

in the liver

Question 17

where is bile stored

Answer 17

in the gall bladder

Question 18

where is bile released

Answer 18

into the small intestine

Question 19

what does bile do
3 points

Answer 19

1) it neutralises the stomach acids and emulsifies fat
2) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
3) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline

Question 20

how does bile neutralise stomach acid
3 points

Answer 20

1) the hydrochloric acid in the stomach makes the stomach too acidic for enzymes in the small intestine to work properly
2) bile is alkaline so it neutralises the acid and makes conditions alkaline
3) enzymes in the small intestine work best in alkaline conditions

Question 21

why does bile emulsify fat
3 points

Answer 21

1) it breaks the fat into tiny droplets
2) this gives a much bigger surface area of fat for the enzyme lipase to work on
3) which makes digestion faster

Question 22

what are the parts of the digestive system
9 points

Answer 22

1) the mouth and salivary glands
2) the gullet/ oesophagus
3) the liver
4) the stomach
5) the gall bladder
6) the pancreas
7) the small intestine
8) the large intestine
9) the rectum

Question 23

what does the salivary glands do in the digestive system

Answer 23

Your salivary glands make saliva, a digestive juice, which moistens food so it moves more easily through your oesophagus into your stomach

Question 24

what does the stomach do in the digestive system
3 points

Answer 24

1) it pummels the food with its muscular walls
2) it produces the protease enzyme, pepsin
3) it produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and give the right pH for the protease enzyme to work (pH 2)

Question 24

what does the liver do in the digestive system

Answer 24

this is where bile is produced which neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat

Question 25

what does the gall bladder do in the digestive system

Answer 25

this is where bile is stores before it’s released into the small intestine

Question 26

what does the pancreas do in the digestive system
2 points

Answer 26

1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes
2) it releases these into the small intestine

Question 27

what does the small intestine do in the digestive system
2 points

Answer 27

1) it produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes to complete digestion
2) digested nutrients are absorbed into the blood

Question 28

what does the large intestine do in the digestive system

Answer 28

where excess water is absorbed from the food

Question 29

what does the rectum do in the digestive system

Answer 29

where the faeces (made up of indigestible food) are stored before being released from the anus