Organisation Flashcards
Tissue
A group of cells with a similar structure and function
e.g. Muscle cell
Organ
A group of tissues working together for a specific function
e.g. Stomach
Organ system
A group of organs that work together to form organisms
What are the 3 main nutrients from food
Carbohydrates (starch)
Protein
Lipids (fat)
What does the Mouth do
Food is chewed in the mouth.
Enzymes in the saliva begin to die jest the starch into smaller sugar molecules
Where does the food go after chewing it?
The food then passes down the oesophagus into the stomach.
In the stomach enzymes begin the digestions of proteins, the stomach also contains hydrochloric acid which helps the enzymes to digests proteins.
What does the stomach muscles do in digestion
The churning action of the stomach muscles turns the food into a fluid increasing the surface area for the enzymes to digest.
What does the small intestines do in digestion
Fluid passes into the small intestines from the stomach.
The walls of the small intestines release enzymes to continue the digestions of proteins and lipids.
The small food molecules produced by digestion, are absorbed into the bloodstream either by diffusion or active transport.
What does the pancreas do in digestion
Releases enzymes which continue the digestion of starch and protein.
They also start the digestions of lipids.
It also release bile.
What does bile do in digestion
The liver releases bile which helps to speed up the digestion of lipids.
Bile also neutralises the acid released from the stomach.
Digestive system
Large food molecules are digested into smaller molecules, and then the products of digestions are absorbed into the bloodstream.
Glucose produced can be used for energy
What do enzymes speed up
Enzyme catalyse (speed up) chemical reactions
What are enzymes
Large protein molecules and they have a groove on their surface called the active site
What is the active site
Where the substrate attaches to (lock and key)
What does enzymes do
Breaks down the substrate into the products
Protease
Enzymes that break down proteins
What are proteins
Long chains of chemicals called amino acids
Are Amino acids absorbed
Are absorbed into the bloodstream
Starch
Chains of glucose molecules
Carbohydrases
Enzymes that break up carbohydrates.
In the case of starch this is called amylase.
What happens when carbohydrates (like starch) are digested
We produce simple sugars
Where are amylase found
In the saliva and pancreatic
What do lipid molecules consist of
A molecule of glycerol attached to 3 molecules of fatty acid
Lipase
Enzymes that digests lipid molecules.
This produces glycerol and fatty acid
Where are lipase found
In the pancreatic fluid and also in the small intestines
Where is bile made
In the liver and it is stored in the gallbladder
What does bile do
- It helps to speed up the digestion of lipids but bile is not an enzyme
- Bile converts large lipid droplets into smaller droplets
- Bile emulsifies the lipid
- neutralises stomach acid, and creates alkaline conditions in the small intestines
What happens to the activity of the enzyme if we increase the temperature
The activity of the enzyme increases the reaction gets faster
