Infectious Diseases

Question 1

What are pathogens

Answer 1

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

Question 2

Name pathogens

Answer 2

Bacteria
Virus
Protests
Fungi

Question 3

Bacteria

Answer 3

E.g. Food poisoning
Bacteria reproduce rapidly
Releases harmful chemicals called toxins

Question 4

Toxins

Answer 4

Damage tissue

Make us feel ill

Question 5

Viruses

Answer 5

E.g. HIV
Cannot reproduce themselves-can only reproduce inside a host cell
Virus reproduces inside a host cell
Damages cell/kills cell

Question 6

How are pathogens spread

Answer 6

Water droplets (e.g. Flu)
Water (e.g. Cholera)
Direct contact (e.g. HIV)

Question 7

Reducing the spread of pathogens

Answer 7

Washing your hands 
Clean drinking water
Condoms 
Isolation 
Vaccination

Question 8

Symptoms of measles

Answer 8

Fever

Red skin rash

Question 9

Can viruses be treated with antibiotics

Answer 9

No

Question 10

How are measles spread

Answer 10

Water droplets

Highly infectious

Question 11

What is effected by measles

Answer 11

Damage to breathing system and the brain

Measles can be fatal/kill

Question 12

HIV

Answer 12

Flu-like illness
Virus attacks cells of the patients immune system
Immune system over time becomes severity damaged, Patients eventually cannot fight of any diseases
Can develop into AIDs, Fatal/can kill
Can be treated

Question 13

Name 2 Bacterial diseases

Answer 13

Salmonella food poisoning

Gonorrhoea

Question 14

Can bacteria be killed with antibiotics

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

Salmonella

Answer 15

By eating infected food

Harmful chemicals called toxins

Question 16

Symptoms of salmonella

Answer 16

Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

Question 17

Gonorrhoea

Answer 17

Sexually transmitted disease

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are now common

Question 18

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 18

Yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina

Pain when urinating

Question 19

How to stop spread of gonorrhoea

Answer 19

Condoms

Get tested for STD

Question 20

Malaria pathogen

Answer 20

An example of a protist

Question 21

Malaria

Answer 21

Fatal

Patients experience repeated bouts of fever

Question 22

How is malaria transmitted

Answer 22

By a mosquito/vector

The mosquito bites the infected person, the malaria pathogen is passed now has been passed onto the mosquito.

Question 23

How can we stop the spread of malaria

Answer 23

Mosquito nets

Mosquito repellent spray

Question 24

The non-specific defence system

Answer 24

The job of the non-specific defence system is to prevent pathogens from entering the

Question 25

Examples of the non-specific defence system

Answer 25

Skin forms a protective layer covering the body Scabs cover cuts on the skin where pathogens could enter Nose- hair and mucus (traps pathogens/stops enters) Trachea and bronchi-tiny hairs-cilia-covered in mucus-traps pathogen Stomach-hydrophilic acid-kills pathogens Eyes-tears

Question 26

The immune system

Answer 26

The immune system destroys pathogens and any toxins they produce Protects us in case the same type of pathogen invades us again in the future

Question 27

Are White blood cells apart of the immune system

Answer 27

Yes they ingest and destroy pathogens

Question 28

Antibodies

Answer 28

Protein molecules produced by white blood cells Antibodies are specific to a certain pathogen Remain in the blood for a long time

Question 29

What happens when white blood cells release antibodies

Answer 29

The antibodies stick to the pathogens

Question 30

Antitoxins

Answer 30

Produced by white blood cell | Stick to toxin molecules and prevent them from damaged cells

Question 31

Tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 31

Wide spread plant infection | Causes leaves to discolour, this causes the rate of photosynthesis is reduced-growth of plant is reduced

Question 32

Rose black spot

Answer 32

Fungus Causes leaves to develop purple or black spots Leaves then turns yellow and fall off Rate of photosynthesis decreases and this causes the grown to reduce Spread by water and wind Spray plants with chemicals which kills fungi Remove infected leaves and destroy them

Question 33

Vaccinations

Answer 33

Dead of inactive forms of pathogen into the body; | this makes the white blood cells to produce antibodies against the dead or inactive pathogen