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GCSE 9-1 Biology revision > Infectious Diseases > Flashcards

Infectious Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

What are pathogens

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases

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2
Q

Name pathogens

A

Bacteria
Virus
Protests
Fungi

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3
Q

Bacteria

A

E.g. Food poisoning
Bacteria reproduce rapidly
Releases harmful chemicals called toxins

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4
Q

Toxins

A

Damage tissue

Make us feel ill

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5
Q

Viruses

A

E.g. HIV
Cannot reproduce themselves-can only reproduce inside a host cell
Virus reproduces inside a host cell
Damages cell/kills cell

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6
Q

How are pathogens spread

A 
Water droplets (e.g. Flu)
Water (e.g. Cholera)
Direct contact (e.g. HIV)
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7
Q

Reducing the spread of pathogens

A 
Washing your hands 
Clean drinking water
Condoms 
Isolation 
Vaccination
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8
Q

Symptoms of measles

A

Fever

Red skin rash

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9
Q

Can viruses be treated with antibiotics

A

No

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10
Q

How are measles spread

A

Water droplets

Highly infectious

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11
Q

What is effected by measles

A

Damage to breathing system and the brain

Measles can be fatal/kill

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12
Q

HIV

A

Flu-like illness
Virus attacks cells of the patients immune system
Immune system over time becomes severity damaged, Patients eventually cannot fight of any diseases
Can develop into AIDs, Fatal/can kill
Can be treated

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13
Q

Name 2 Bacterial diseases

A

Salmonella food poisoning

Gonorrhoea

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14
Q

Can bacteria be killed with antibiotics

A

Yes

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15
Q

Salmonella

A

By eating infected food

Harmful chemicals called toxins

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16
Q

Symptoms of salmonella

A

Fever
Abdominal cramps
Vomiting
Diarrhoea

17
Q

Gonorrhoea

A

Sexually transmitted disease

Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are now common

18
Q

Symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

Yellow/green discharge from penis or vagina

Pain when urinating

19
Q

How to stop spread of gonorrhoea

A

Condoms

Get tested for STD

20
Q

Malaria pathogen

A

An example of a protist

21
Q

Malaria

A

Fatal

Patients experience repeated bouts of fever

22
Q

How is malaria transmitted

A

By a mosquito/vector

The mosquito bites the infected person, the malaria pathogen is passed now has been passed onto the mosquito.

23
Q

How can we stop the spread of malaria

A

Mosquito nets

Mosquito repellent spray

24
Q

The non-specific defence system

A

The job of the non-specific defence system is to prevent pathogens from entering the

25
Q

Examples of the non-specific defence system

A

Skin forms a protective layer covering the body
Scabs cover cuts on the skin where pathogens could enter
Nose- hair and mucus (traps pathogens/stops enters)
Trachea and bronchi-tiny hairs-cilia-covered in mucus-traps pathogen
Stomach-hydrophilic acid-kills pathogens
Eyes-tears

26
Q

The immune system

A

The immune system destroys pathogens and any toxins they produce
Protects us in case the same type of pathogen invades us again in the future

27
Q

Are White blood cells apart of the immune system

A

Yes they ingest and destroy pathogens

28
Q

Antibodies

A

Protein molecules produced by white blood cells
Antibodies are specific to a certain pathogen
Remain in the blood for a long time

29
Q

What happens when white blood cells release antibodies

A

The antibodies stick to the pathogens

30
Q

Antitoxins

A

Produced by white blood cell

Stick to toxin molecules and prevent them from damaged cells

31
Q

Tobacco mosaic virus

A

Wide spread plant infection

Causes leaves to discolour, this causes the rate of photosynthesis is reduced-growth of plant is reduced

32
Q

Rose black spot

A

Fungus
Causes leaves to develop purple or black spots
Leaves then turns yellow and fall off
Rate of photosynthesis decreases and this causes the grown to reduce
Spread by water and wind
Spray plants with chemicals which kills fungi
Remove infected leaves and destroy them

33
Q

Vaccinations

A

Dead of inactive forms of pathogen into the body;

this makes the white blood cells to produce antibodies against the dead or inactive pathogen

GCSE 9-1 Biology revision (4 decks)

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