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GCSE 9-1 Biology revision > Cell Biology > Flashcards

Cell Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 2 types of Eukaryotic cells

A

Animal cells
Plant cells

(Genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus)

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2
Q

Name a Eukaryotic cell

A

Bacteria cells

Genetic material is NOT enclosed in a nucleus, it is a loop of DNA and some plasmids

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3
Q

What is a difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells

A

Prokaryotic cells are a lot smaller then Eukaryotic cells

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4
Q

What part of an animal cell does aerobic respiration take place

A

Mitochondria

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5
Q

What is a ribosomes

A

The sites of protein synthesis

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6
Q

What is in an animal cell

A 
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes
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7
Q

What is in a plant cell

A 
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm 
Cell membrane 
Mitochondria 
Ribosomes 
Chloroplasts 
Cell wall 
Permanent vacuole
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8
Q

What does cytoplasm do

A

Where chemical reactions take place

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9
Q

What is chloroplast

A

Contain chlorophyll and are sites of photosynthesis

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10
Q

What is a cell wall

A

Made of cellulose

Strengthens the cell

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11
Q

What is a permanent vacuole

A

Filled with a fluid called cell sap

Helps give plant cell it’s shape

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12
Q

Animal cells specialisations

A

Have adaptations to help carry out function

Most animal cells are specialised

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13
Q

Name Root hair cell features

A

The root hair increases the surface area of the root

Do not contain chloroplasts

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14
Q

Where are xylem cells found

A

In the plant stem - they form long tubes

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15
Q

What do the xylem tubes do

A

They carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves

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16
Q

Xylem cells features

A

Very thick walls containing lignin - this provides supports from the plant

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17
Q

What do xylem cells not have

A 
NO
Nucleus 
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Choroplasts
18
Q

What do phloem do

A

They are Ines that carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant

19
Q

Phloem vessel cells

A

NO nucleus

Only a little bit of cytoplasm

20
Q

Sieve plates

A

The end walls of the vessel cells have pores called sieve plates

21
Q

What 2 things help dissolved sugars more through the cell interior

A

Phloem vessel cells

Sieve plates

22
Q

Phloem vessels have limited cytoplasm so they have companion cells, what do the companion cells do

A

Connected be the pores

Mitochondria in companion cells provides energy to the phloem vessel cell

23
Q

What are chromosomes

A

Carry a large number of genes which determine many of our features

24
Q

What is the cell cycle

A

Cells have to be able to divide

The cell cycle is the process of the cells dividing

25
Q

What’s is the 1st stage of the cell cycle

A

The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome

The cell also grows and copies its internal structure (e.g. mitochondria,ribosomes)

26
Q

What is the 2nd stage of the cell cycle

A

Mitosis
One set of each chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell
The nucleus also divides

27
Q

What is the last stage of the cell cycle

A

The cytoplasm and the cell membrane divide to from two identical cells

28
Q

Name 2 stem cells

A

Bone marrow

Embryo

29
Q

What is diffusion

A

The spreading out of particles resulting in a net (overall) move,not from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

30
Q

Which 3 molecules move in and out of cells by diffusion

A

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Urea

31
Q

Why do cells need oxygen

A

For respiration high is carried out by mitochondria

32
Q

What moves into the cell due to diffusion

A

Oxygen

33
Q

What moves out of the cell due to diffusion

A

Carbon dioxide

34
Q

What is the concentration gradient

A

The difference in concentration

35
Q

What slows down diffusion

A

Small concentration gradient

36
Q

What makes the rate of diffusion faster

A

High temp
Large concentration gradient
Larger surface area (e.g. Root hair cell)

37
Q

What is osmosis

A

The diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

38
Q

What is active transport

A

Moves substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentration solution (against the concentration gradient)

39
Q

What has these 2 things:

  • Particles move down the concentration gradient
  • Does not require energy from respiration
A

Diffusion

40
Q

What has these 2 things:

  • Particles are moved against the concentration gradient
  • does require energy from respiration
A

Active transport

GCSE 9-1 Biology revision (4 decks)

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