Cell Biology Flashcards
Name 2 types of Eukaryotic cells
Animal cells
Plant cells
(Genetic material is enclosed in a nucleus)
Name a Eukaryotic cell
Bacteria cells
Genetic material is NOT enclosed in a nucleus, it is a loop of DNA and some plasmids
What is a difference between Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells are a lot smaller then Eukaryotic cells
What part of an animal cell does aerobic respiration take place
Mitochondria
What is a ribosomes
The sites of protein synthesis
What is in an animal cell
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes
What is in a plant cell
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes Chloroplasts Cell wall Permanent vacuole
What does cytoplasm do
Where chemical reactions take place
What is chloroplast
Contain chlorophyll and are sites of photosynthesis
What is a cell wall
Made of cellulose
Strengthens the cell
What is a permanent vacuole
Filled with a fluid called cell sap
Helps give plant cell it’s shape
Animal cells specialisations
Have adaptations to help carry out function
Most animal cells are specialised
Name Root hair cell features
The root hair increases the surface area of the root
Do not contain chloroplasts
Where are xylem cells found
In the plant stem - they form long tubes
What do the xylem tubes do
They carry water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves
Xylem cells features
Very thick walls containing lignin - this provides supports from the plant
What do xylem cells not have
NO Nucleus Cytoplasm Vacuole Choroplasts
What do phloem do
They are Ines that carry dissolved sugars up and down the plant
Phloem vessel cells
NO nucleus
Only a little bit of cytoplasm
Sieve plates
The end walls of the vessel cells have pores called sieve plates
What 2 things help dissolved sugars more through the cell interior
Phloem vessel cells
Sieve plates
Phloem vessels have limited cytoplasm so they have companion cells, what do the companion cells do
Connected be the pores
Mitochondria in companion cells provides energy to the phloem vessel cell
What are chromosomes
Carry a large number of genes which determine many of our features
What is the cell cycle
Cells have to be able to divide
The cell cycle is the process of the cells dividing
