Organisation

Question 1

Explain the lock and key theory

Answer 1

The key is perfectly fitted to the lock, just like the enzyme fits the active site perfectly. Only one type of enzyme fits into each active site.

Question 2

What are carbohydrates broken down into?

Answer 2

Simple sugars

Question 3

What are proteins broken down into?

Answer 3

Amino acids

Question 4

What are fats (lipids) broken down into?

Answer 4

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 5

Where is bile made/stored?

Answer 5

Made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder

Question 6

What is the function of bile?

Answer 6

Neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fat to increase the s.a and the rate of fat breakdown

Question 7

How do you test for starch?

Answer 7

Iodine solution
Turns from orange to blue-black

Question 8

How do you test for proteins?

Answer 8

Biuret’s solution
Turns from blue to purple

Question 9

How do you test for sugars?

Answer 9

Benedict’s solution + heat
Brick red / yellow / green

Question 10

What is the function of the aorta?

Answer 10

Carries oxygenated blood
From the heart to the body

Question 11

What is the function of the vena cava?

Answer 11

Carries deoxygenated blood
From the body to the heart

Question 12

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

Answer 12

Carries oxygenated blood
From the lungs to the heart

Question 13

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

Answer 13

Carries deoxygenated blood
From the heart to the lungs

Question 14

What is the structure/function of arteries?

Answer 14

• Narrow lumen
• Thick walls of muscle (high pressure)
• Elastic fibres so they can stretch
• Carries blood away from heart

Question 15

What is the structure/function of veins?

Answer 15

• Wide lumen
• Narrow walls (lower pressure)
• Contains valves
• Carries blood towards heart

Question 16

What’s the function of red blood cells?

Answer 16

Transporting oxygen around the body

Question 17

What’s the function of white blood cells?

Answer 17

Killing pathogens (phagocytosis, antibodies, and antitoxins)

Question 18

What’s the function of plasma?

Answer 18

Holds all the blood components together

Question 19

What are benign tumours?

Answer 19

Abnormal cell growth contained within one area

Question 20

What are malignant tumours?

Answer 20

Cancers that spread to different parts of the body via the bloodstream and form secondary tumours

Question 21

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 21

Pancreas and small intestine

Question 22

Where is protease produced?

Answer 22

Stomach, pancreas, and small intestine

Question 23

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 23

Salivary glands, pancreas, and small intenstines

Question 24

What is the role of guard cells?

Answer 24

To open and close the stomata

Question 25

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 25

Glucose --> Ethanol + Carbon dioxide

Question 26

Write a practical for investigating the effect of pH on amylase

Answer 26

1. Place a drop of iodine into each well of a spotting tile 2. Fill 3 test tubes with 2 cm^2 of starch solution, amylase solution, and pH buffer solution 3. Place the test tubes in a 30°C water bath 4. Wait 10 minutes 5. Mix all solutions into one test tube 6. Start a stopwatch 7. Every 30 secs, transfer a drop of solution from the test tube into a well of the tile 8. Repeat until iodine remains orange 9. Repeat investigation with different pH buffer solutions

Question 27

Why is it called a double circulatory system?

Answer 27

Because it consists of 2 circuits joined together, the first one… the second one…

Question 28

How do statins prevent coronary heart disease?

Answer 28

Reduce amount of cholesterol in bloodstream, which slows the rate of fatty deposits forming in the coronary artery

Question 29

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a natural heart donor?

Answer 29

Adv - blood flows better through natural heart Dis - wait for donor, immunosuppressants

Question 30

When are artificial hearts used?

Answer 30

Whilst waiting for a donor To help someone recover by allowing their heart to rest

Question 31

Why can non communicable diseases be financially costly?

Answer 31

- Having to quit a job - Adaptations to home required

Question 32

How is the palisade mesophyll adapted?

Answer 32

- Lots of chloroplasts - Located at top of the leaf

Question 33

What is the function of the spongy mesophyll’s air spaces?

Answer 33

Increase rate of diffusion (surface area)

Question 34

Where in a plant is meristem tissue found?

Answer 34

Root and shoots