Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Inheritance > Flashcards

Inheritance Flashcards

1
Q

What are gametes?

A

Sex sells (E.g. egg cell)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does homozygous mean?

A

Both alleles are dominant/recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does heterozygous mean?

A

One allele is dominant and the other is recessive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is genotype?

A

Genetic material (E.g. XX or XY)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is phenotype?

A

Physical appearance (E.g. Female or male)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the genome?

A

An organisms entire genetic material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the stages of genetic breeding

A
  • Breed two parents with desired characteristic
  • Select offspring with that characteristic and breed them
  • Continue over many generations until all offspring have the characteristic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name some uses of genetic engineering

A
  • Disease/drought-resistant crops
  • Crops that produce a higher yield
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is DNA made from?

A

Four different nucleotides repeating to form a polymer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a nucleotide made from?

A

A simple sugar, phosphate group, and a base attached to the sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the four bases in DNA called?

A

C A T G

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What codes for an amino acids?

A

A sequence of three bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the order of bases control?

A

The order of amino acids that make up a protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the stages of meiosis?

A
  • Chromosomes double in the parent cell
  • They pair up opposite each other with spindle fibres attached
  • Sections of DNA are swapped (crossing over)
  • One of each pair of chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell
  • The cell divides and a new nucleus membrane forms
  • New spindle fibres form
  • Chromosomes line up across the equator
  • Chromosomes are pulled to poles again
  • Both cells divide to create 4 haploid daughter cells that are genetically different from each other
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an allele?

A

A version of a gene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is evolution?

A

A change in the inherited characteristics of a population over time through the process of natural selection which may result in the formation of a new species

17
Q

How can you tell when a new species is formed?

A

If two populations of one species can no longer interbreed to produce fertile offspring

18
Q

What are the dangers of inbreeding?

A

The breed may be prone to diseases or inherited defects

19
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Modifying the genome of an organism by introducing a gene from another organism to give a desired characteristic

20
Q

What are the stages of genetic engineering?

A
  • Enzymes are used to isolate the required gene
  • Gene inserted into a vector (plasmid or virus)
  • Vector transports the gene to required cells
21
Q

How is genetic engineering used to produce insulin?

A
  • Human gene for producing insulin cut out with enzymes
  • Plasmid taken from bacteria and cut using enzymes to give “sticky ends”
  • Gene inserted into plasmid, then into bacteria
  • Bacteria multiply rapidly by binary fission
  • Insulin is produced
22
Q

Why is genetic engineering done at an early stage of an organism’s development?

A

So they develop with desired characteristics

23
Q

What are the four methods of cloning?

A

Tissue culture
Embryo transplants
Adult cell cloning
Taking cuttings

24
Q

What is tissue culture?

A

In sterile conditions, tissue samples are grown on agar and many plantlets are potted in soil to grow

25
Q

What are embryo transplants?

A

Splitting apart cells from a developing embryo before they become specialised, then transplanting the identical embryos into host mothers

26
Q

What is adult cell cloning?

A
  • Nucleus removed from an egg cell
    -Nucleus from an adult body cell is inserted into the egg cell
  • This creates a diploid cell
  • Cell given an electric shock to trigger mitosis
  • An embryo is formed
  • When this embryo has developed into a ball of cells, it’s inserted into an adult female’s womb to continue development

Biology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions