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Science Gcse > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a tissue

A

A group of cells with a similar structure and formation

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2
Q

What is an organ

A

A group of tissues working together for a specific function

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3
Q

What is a group of organs called

A

Organ system

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4
Q

What three things does the body contain

A

Carbohydrates proteins and lipids (fats)

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5
Q

What is the first stage of digestion

A

First food is chewed in the mouth. Enzymes in the saliva begin to digest

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6
Q

What is the second stage of digestion

A

Food then passes down the oesophagus into the stomach where enzymes from the pancreas and the liver begin the digestion of proteins in hydrochloric acid

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7
Q

What is the third stage of digestion

A

Food passes to the small intestine and enzymes from the walls continue digestion

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8
Q

What is the fourth stage of digestion

A

The broken down food molecules are absorbed into the bloodstream either by diffusion or active transport

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9
Q

What is the last stage of digestion

A

Faeces is pooed out of the body

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10
Q

What does bile do

A

Increases the digestion of lipids and neutralises the acid in the stomach

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11
Q

What happens in the digestive system

A

Large food molecules are digested into smaller molecules and then the products of digestion are absorbed into the bloodstream

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12
Q

Enzymes are a catalyst which means what

A

They speed up the reaction

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13
Q

What is the active site of an enzyme

A

Where the substrate touches to

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14
Q

What is the enzyme for proteins

A

Proteases

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15
Q

What is the enzyme for carbohydrates

A

Carbohydrases

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16
Q

What is the enzyme for lipids

A

Lipase

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17
Q

What is the effect of temperature on pH and enzymes and why

A

As we increase the temperature the activity of the enzyme increases Because there are more collisions per second between the substrate and the active site

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18
Q

What does optimum mean

A

Where the maximum frequency of a successful collisions take place

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19
Q

How big is the small intestines

A

5 m

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20
Q

What was the benefit of having a big small intestine

A

Large surface area for absorption

21
Q

What is the job of the Villi

A

They have a good blood supply which increases concentration gradient and increase the surface area of the small intestine

22
Q

What is an advantage of the thin membrane

A

Insures the short diffusion path

23
Q

What is the heart

A

The heart is an organ made from muscle tissue

24
Q

What are the four chambers in the heart called

A

Left ventricle, right ventricle (at the bottom of the heart) left atrium, right atrium (top of the heart)

25
Q

What does the vena cava do

A

Brings oxygenated blood from the body

26
Q

How does the oxygenated blood get to the lungs

A

It’s pass from the heart to the lungs by the pulmonary arteries

27
Q

How’s the blood pumped from the heart

A

By the aorta

28
Q

What do arteries do

A

Carry very high pressure blood from the heart to organs

29
Q

What is an adaptation of the arteries

A

Thick muscular walls to withstand pressure

30
Q

What are capillaries

A

When blood passes through capillaries substances such as glucose and oxygen diffuses from the blood to the cells and CO2 diffuses back

31
Q

What does plasma do

A

Transports dissolved substances around the body glucose and CO2 and urea

32
Q

What do red blood cells do

A

Red blood cells transport oxygen from the lungs to the body cells and carry haemoglobin

33
Q

What do white blood cells do

A

Form part of the immune system making antibodies

34
Q

What do platelets do

A

They are tiny fragments of cells and help the blood to clot

35
Q

What is a adaptation of trachea

A

It contains rings of cartilage to stop collapsing

36
Q

What does the trachea lead into

A

It’s split to form bronchi then divide again into bronchioles and then in tiny air sacs called alveoli

37
Q

What is an adaptation of alveoli

A

There are millions of them which means the lungs have a huge surface area, They have very thin walls, and very good blood supply

38
Q

What is a benign tumour

A

Their growth of abnormal cells found in one area contained in a membrane, they do not invade other parts of the body

39
Q

What is a malignant tumour

A

Cells that invade neighbouring tissues and move to the bloodstream, spreading and forming secondary tumours

40
Q

What are examples of genetic cancers

A

Breast, prostate, large intestine

41
Q

What is an example of a cancer caused by lifestyle

A

Lungs, skin, mouth and throat

42
Q

What are communicable diseases

A

Communicable disease spreads person-to-person by pathogen such as bacteria

43
Q

What are noncommunicable diseases

A

Cannot spread and are caused by risk factors

44
Q

What’s the definition of health

A

Physical and mental well-being

45
Q

What does exercise help do

A

Decreases the risk of cardiovascular diseases

46
Q

What’s the job of the upper epidermis

A

It’s transparent to let light through to get to the photosynthetic cells below

47
Q

What’s in the palisade mesophyll

A

Packed full of chloroplast

48
Q

What in the spongy mesophyll

A

CO2 diffuses from stomata to palisade cells

Science Gcse (7 decks)

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