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Science Gcse > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a eukaryotic cell

A

Eukaryotic cell is a cell that has the genetic material enclosed in a nucleus

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2
Q

What is a prokaryotic cell

A

A cell with genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus

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3
Q

What two cells are eukaryotic cells

A

Plant and animal cells

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4
Q

What cell is prokaryotic

A

Bacterial

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5
Q

What size is a typical human cell

A

10 to 20 micrometers

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6
Q

How do you convert metres to micrometres

A

1 m is 1,000,000 mm

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7
Q

How do you convert 1 m to nanometres

A

1 m is 1,000,000,000 nm

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8
Q

For every order of magnitude by how much is each one greater than before

A

10 times more

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9
Q

How much is three orders of magnitude

A

1000

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10
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm

A

A watery solution where chemical reactions take place

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11
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane

A

It controls what enters and leaves the cell

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12
Q

What is the function of the mitochondria

A

Where anaerobic respiration takes place

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13
Q

What are the functions of ribosomes

A

The site of protein synthesis 

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14
Q

What do you plant cells and animal cells have in common

A

Nucleus, ribosomes, cell membranes, mitochondria, and cytoplasm 

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15
Q

What is the function of the chloroplast

A

Contains the green pigment chlorophyll the site of photosynthesis

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16
Q

What is the cell wall made of

A

Celulose

17
Q

What is the permanent vacuole filled with

A

Cell sap

18
Q

What is the stage on the microscope and where is it

A

The stage is where the slide is put on and it is above a light and underneath the microscope

19
Q

What are the three magnifications

A

4 x, 10 x, 40 x

20
Q

What does the course focusing dial do

A

It increases the distance between objective lens and the slide

21
Q

What does the fine focusing dialled do

A

It brings the cells into focus

22
Q

What are some disadvantages of light microscopes

A

They have limited magnification and they have limited resolution

23
Q

How do you workout magnification

A

Magnification=size of image/size of real object

24
Q

What are chromosomes made from

A

DNA

25
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have

A

23 pairs

26
Q

What do chromosomes do

A

Chromosomes carry genes

27
Q

What is the first stage of mitosis

A

The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome

28
Q

What is the second stage of mitosis

A

One set of chromosomes is pulled each end of the cell, the nucleus divides

29
Q

What is the final stage of mitosis

A

The cell divides to form two identical cells

30
Q

What are the functions of mitosis

A

Mitosis is essential for growth and repair

31
Q

What can stem cells do

A

Stem cells are capable of differentiating into any type of body cell

32
Q

What is diffusion

A

The spreading out of particles resulting in the net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration

33
Q

If there is a high concentration of oxygen outside the cell and a low concentration of oxygen in the cell what happens

A

The oxygen on the outside of the cell will diffuse into the cell

34
Q

What is Urea

A

Urea Is a waste product inside of cells

35
Q

What is osmosis

A

Osmosis is the movement of particles from dilute concentration to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane

36
Q

What is a partially permeable membrane

A

It allows small molecules to pass through

37
Q

Explain the required practical for osmosis

A

First you must peel the potato And use a cork borer to produce three cylinders with the same diameter. Then use a scalpel to make them all the same length, then measure the length and mass, place into the test tube and fill the first tube with 0.5 molar sugar solution and the next with 0.25 molar sugar solution and the last with distilled water. Then leave overnight roll on paper towel and Measure percentage change.

38
Q

How do you workout percentage change

A

Percentage change = change in value/original value X 100

39
Q

What is active transport

A

Active transport is the movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution

Science Gcse (7 decks)

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