Cells Flashcards
What is a eukaryotic cell
Eukaryotic cell is a cell that has the genetic material enclosed in a nucleus
What is a prokaryotic cell
A cell with genetic material not enclosed in a nucleus
What two cells are eukaryotic cells
Plant and animal cells
What cell is prokaryotic
Bacterial
What size is a typical human cell
10 to 20 micrometers
How do you convert metres to micrometres
1 m is 1,000,000 mm
How do you convert 1 m to nanometres
1 m is 1,000,000,000 nm
For every order of magnitude by how much is each one greater than before
10 times more
How much is three orders of magnitude
1000
What is the function of the cytoplasm
A watery solution where chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the cell membrane
It controls what enters and leaves the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria
Where anaerobic respiration takes place
What are the functions of ribosomes
The site of protein synthesis 
What do you plant cells and animal cells have in common
Nucleus, ribosomes, cell membranes, mitochondria, and cytoplasm 
What is the function of the chloroplast
Contains the green pigment chlorophyll the site of photosynthesis
What is the cell wall made of
Celulose
What is the permanent vacuole filled with
Cell sap
What is the stage on the microscope and where is it
The stage is where the slide is put on and it is above a light and underneath the microscope
What are the three magnifications
4 x, 10 x, 40 x
What does the course focusing dial do
It increases the distance between objective lens and the slide
What does the fine focusing dialled do
It brings the cells into focus
What are some disadvantages of light microscopes
They have limited magnification and they have limited resolution
How do you workout magnification
Magnification=size of image/size of real object
What are chromosomes made from
DNA
How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have
23 pairs
What do chromosomes do
Chromosomes carry genes
What is the first stage of mitosis
The DNA replicates to form two copies of each chromosome
What is the second stage of mitosis
One set of chromosomes is pulled each end of the cell, the nucleus divides
What is the final stage of mitosis
The cell divides to form two identical cells
What are the functions of mitosis
Mitosis is essential for growth and repair
What can stem cells do
Stem cells are capable of differentiating into any type of body cell
What is diffusion
The spreading out of particles resulting in the net movement from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration
If there is a high concentration of oxygen outside the cell and a low concentration of oxygen in the cell what happens
The oxygen on the outside of the cell will diffuse into the cell
What is Urea
Urea Is a waste product inside of cells
What is osmosis
Osmosis is the movement of particles from dilute concentration to a concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane
What is a partially permeable membrane
It allows small molecules to pass through
Explain the required practical for osmosis
First you must peel the potato And use a cork borer to produce three cylinders with the same diameter. Then use a scalpel to make them all the same length, then measure the length and mass, place into the test tube and fill the first tube with 0.5 molar sugar solution and the next with 0.25 molar sugar solution and the last with distilled water. Then leave overnight roll on paper towel and Measure percentage change.
How do you workout percentage change
Percentage change = change in value/original value X 100
What is active transport
Active transport is the movement of substances from a more dilute solution to a more concentrated solution
