Organisation Flashcards
How are organisms made up?
A group of cells forms a tissue, an aggregation of tissues form organs, these organs are organised into organ systems which work together to form organisms
What is the lock and key theory?
The enzyme’s active site and the shape of the substrate molecule are complementary to one another
How is enzyme activity affected by temperature changes?
Higher temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering it slows it down; extreme temperatures can cause enzyme denaturing
How is enzyme activity affected by pH changes?
Each enzyme has an optimum pH range; any pH level outside of this range will slow enzyme activity
Where is amylase produced?
In the salivary glands and the pancreas
What is the function of amylase?
Amylase break down carbohydrates into easier to absorb simple sugars
Where is protease made?
In the pancreas
What is the function of protease?
Protease breaks protein down into amino acids
Where is lipase made?
In the pancreas, mouth and stomach
What is the function of lipase?
Lipase breaks down fat into glycerol and fatty acids
What are the products of digestion used for?
They’re used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; some glucose is used in respiration
What is bile?
It is an alkaline used to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach: it also emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area
Where is bile made and stored?
It is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder
Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?
The lungs
Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
The rest of the body
Where do arteries carry blood?
Away from the heart
Where do veins carry blood?
Towards the heart
What is blood made up of?
Plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended
What causes coronary heart disease?
A build up of fatty material inside the coronay arteries, narrowing the and reducing blood flow and causing a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle
How is coronary heart disease cured?
Stents are used to keep arteries open whilst statins are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels
What lifestyle factors increase the chance of disease?
Smoking, diet, exercise, obesity, alcohol and carcinogens
What are benign tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area and do not invade other parts of the body
What are malignant tumours?
Cancers that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body where they form secondary tumours
