Organisation Flashcards

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1
Q

How are organisms made up?

A

A group of cells forms a tissue, an aggregation of tissues form organs, these organs are organised into organ systems which work together to form organisms

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2
Q

What is the lock and key theory?

A

The enzyme’s active site and the shape of the substrate molecule are complementary to one another

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3
Q

How is enzyme activity affected by temperature changes?

A

Higher temperature generally speeds up a reaction, and lowering it slows it down; extreme temperatures can cause enzyme denaturing

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4
Q

How is enzyme activity affected by pH changes?

A

Each enzyme has an optimum pH range; any pH level outside of this range will slow enzyme activity

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5
Q

Where is amylase produced?

A

In the salivary glands and the pancreas

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6
Q

What is the function of amylase?

A

Amylase break down carbohydrates into easier to absorb simple sugars

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7
Q

Where is protease made?

A

In the pancreas

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8
Q

What is the function of protease?

A

Protease breaks protein down into amino acids

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9
Q

Where is lipase made?

A

In the pancreas, mouth and stomach

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10
Q

What is the function of lipase?

A

Lipase breaks down fat into glycerol and fatty acids

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11
Q

What are the products of digestion used for?

A

They’re used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins; some glucose is used in respiration

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12
Q

What is bile?

A

It is an alkaline used to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach: it also emulsifies fat to form small droplets which increases the surface area

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13
Q

Where is bile made and stored?

A

It is made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder

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14
Q

Where does the right ventricle pump blood to?

A

The lungs

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15
Q

Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?

A

The rest of the body

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16
Q

Where do arteries carry blood?

A

Away from the heart

17
Q

Where do veins carry blood?

A

Towards the heart

18
Q

What is blood made up of?

A

Plasma, in which the red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended

19
Q

What causes coronary heart disease?

A

A build up of fatty material inside the coronay arteries, narrowing the and reducing blood flow and causing a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle

20
Q

How is coronary heart disease cured?

A

Stents are used to keep arteries open whilst statins are used to reduce blood cholesterol levels

21
Q

What lifestyle factors increase the chance of disease?

A

Smoking, diet, exercise, obesity, alcohol and carcinogens

22
Q

What are benign tumours?

A

Growths of abnormal cells which are contained in one area and do not invade other parts of the body

23
Q

What are malignant tumours?

A

Cancers that invade neighbouring tissues and spread to different parts of the body where they form secondary tumours