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p Biology paper 1 revision > Organisation > Flashcards

Organisation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the 5 levels of organisation in living organisms?

A

Cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.

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2
Q

What are cells?

A

The basic building blocks of all living organisms.

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3
Q

What are tissues?

A

Groups of cells with similar structures and functions.

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4
Q

What are organs?

A

Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function.

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5
Q

What are organ systems?

A

Groups of organs working together.

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6
Q

What are organisms?

A

Organ systems working together.

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7
Q

What are examples of tissues in plants and animals?

A

Epidermal and epithelial.

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8
Q

What is another example of an animal tissue?

A

Muscular.

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9
Q

What is another example of a plant tissue?

A

Mesophyll.

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10
Q

What structures in the body are involved in the digestive system?

A

Pancreas, mouth, liver, gall bladder, small intestine, large intestine, stomach, oesophagus, salivary glands, rectum and anus.

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11
Q

What does the pancreas do?

A

Makes enzymes - amylase, lipase and protease.

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12
Q

What does the mouth do?

A

Chews food.

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13
Q

What do the salivary glands do?

A

Makes saliva containing amylase.

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14
Q

What does the oesophagus do?

A

Carries food to the stomach.

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15
Q

What does the liver do?

A

Makes bile.

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16
Q

What does the gall bladder do?

A

Stores bile.

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17
Q

What does the stomach do?

A
  • Churns food.
  • Releases protease, digests proteins.
  • Releases hydrochloric acid = kills pathogens.
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18
Q

What does the small intestine do?

A

Where digested food is absorbed into the blood.

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19
Q

What does the large intestine do?

A

Where minerals and water are absorbed into the blood.

20
Q

What does the rectum do?

A

Stores faeces.

21
Q

What does the anus do?

A

Expels faeces.

22
Q

What are the main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins.

23
Q

What is the functions of arteries?

A
  • Carries blood away from the heart.

- High pressure.

24
Q

What is the structure of arteries?

A
  • Thick, muscular and elastic walls.
  • The walls can stretch and withstand high pressure.
  • Small lumen.
25
Q

What is the functions of veins?

A
  • Carries blood to the heart.

- Low pressure.

26
Q

What is the structure of veins?

A
  • Have valves to stop blood flowing the wrong way.
  • Thin walls.
  • Large lumen.
27
Q

What is the function of capillaries?

A

It carries blood to tissues and cells and connects arteries and veins.

28
Q

What is the structure of capillaries?

A
  • One cell thick.

- Very narrow lumen.

29
Q

What cells are blood made up of?

A

Red blood cells, plasma, platelets, white blood cells.

30
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

Bind to oxygen and transport it around the body.

31
Q

What do plasma cells do?

A

Transport substances and blood cells around the body.

32
Q

What do platelets do?

A

Form blood clots to create barriers to infections.

33
Q

What do white blood cells do?

A

Part of the immune system to defend the body against pathogens.

34
Q

What do arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated blood.

35
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Pump blood around the body.

36
Q

What is the heart made from?

A

Cardiac muscle tissue.

37
Q

What are the structures of the heart?

A

The pulmonary artery, aorta, vena cava, pulmonary vein, left atrium, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle.

38
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs.

39
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carries oxygenated blood around the body.

40
Q

What does the vena cava do?

A

Brings deoxygenated blood into the heart.

41
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Brings oxygenated blood from the lungs.

42
Q

What does the right ventricle do?

A

Pumps blood to the lungs where gas exchange takes place.

43
Q

What does the left ventricle do?

A

Pumps blood around the body.

44
Q

What is heart rate controlled by?

A

A group of cells in the right atrium that generate electrical impulses, acting as a pacemaker.

45
Q

What do artificial pacemakers do?

A

Used to control irregular heartbeats.

46
Q

Why is the human circulatory system describes as a double circulatory system?

A

Because blood passes through the heart twice for every circuit around the body.

p Biology paper 1 revision (6 decks)

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